摘要:

AbstractIn Part 2 of recent advances in clinical studies of Chinese Medicinal Herbs, plant drugs used in a number of chronic diseases are discussed and the results of clinical trials reviewed. These include, plants used in the treatment of cancer and tumours, nervous diseases and senility, parasite infections including malaria, hepatitis and drugs which have demonstrated effects as hemostatic agents in immunoregulation as leukocyte proliferating agents.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeaves of the psycho‐active plantCatha edulis(khat) have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of depression, fatigue, obesity and gastric ulcers. (−)‐Cathinone is considered as the major chemical ingredient in khat leaves responsible for the CNS effects of the plant. In recent years many reports have been published on neuropharmacological aspects of this compound. Little is known about its metabolic and biochemical changesin vivo, following ingestion. In the present study two groups of male albino rats were dosed with 30 and 100 mg/kg, body weight of cathinone, respectively. The animals were sacrificed after one hour of administration. Blood and heart muscle samples were collected for the analysis of amino acids, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, glucose, SGDT, SGPT, triglycerides, urea, uric acid and cardiac glycogen. (−)‐Cathinone in lower dose (30 mg/kg) significantly increased 12 and decreased 1 out of 22 amino acids studies, whereas in higher dose (100 mg/kg) it significantly decreased 20, and increased 1 amino acid level. There was a decrease in cardiac glycogen and serum triglycerides with both the dose of cathinone used. Other biochemical parameters remained

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAqueous or ethanolic extracts ofAloeleaves were examined for antibacterial properties. The crude extrudes strongly stimulated bacterial growth. Separation of various fractions by thin layer chromatography (TLC) resulted in a fraction which inhibited the growth ofBacillus subtilis.A concomitant examination of protein and nucleic acid synthesis inB. subtilisin the presence of the inhibitory compound indicated that the plant extract inhibits primarily nucleic acid synthesis, after which protein synthesis is also inhibited. The inhibitor seemed to be present in all examinedAloespecies but at different concentrations. On a dry weight basis, the inhibitory effect was equally distributed between the skin and the gel fraction.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nerve tonic activity ofBacopa monnierahas been attributed to two saponins named Bacosides A and B. In the present investigation, Bacosides A and a mixture of the two saponins were used as aqueous suspensions. In the shock motivated brightness discrimination reaction a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg, 90 min prior to training, significantly reduced the time per trial, increased the number of positive responses and enhanced the relearning index. Similar effects were also observed in the relearning trial, but it was necessary to give a second dose 90 min prior to testing. In the active conditioned avoidance test 10 mg/kg p.o. given every alternate day significantly reduced the reaction time from the day 4 onward as well as the number of days of training. In the conditioned taste aversion response the bacosides produced a significant decrease in the lithium chloride intake. This effect was dose related in the range of 2.5–7.5 mg/kg p.o.Bacosides appear to be promising compounds having facilitatory effect on mental retention capacity by improving responses with positive as well as negative reinforcemen

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of glucan A and phosphatidyllycorine, isolated fromCrinum latifoliumL. (family Amaryllidaceae) was studied on the rate of degranulation of mast cells of albino rats. Different combinations of glucan A and phosphatidyllycorine (5–20 and 5–10 μg/mL, respectively)in vitro, produced statistically significant protection against Tween 80‐induced degranulation, as well as to sensitized mast cells challenged with an antigen (horse serum). The combination (10–20 mg/kg), when administeredin vivo, also provided protection against compound 48/80‐induced degranulation of mast cells. The findings are appraised in view of the use of the total extract ofC. latifolium, for the treatment of allergic disorders in Ayurvedi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study the effect of the cytostatic acting sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin, isolated fromEupatorium cannabinumL., on gluthathione (GSH) levels in liver and tumour tissue of the mouse is described. C57Bl mice, bearing a solidly growing Lewis Lung carcinoma or a FIO 26 fibrosarcoma, with a volume between 500–1000 μL, were injected with eupatoriopicrin 20 or 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.). At different time points, between 0–48 h after administration, the GSH content in liver and tumour tissue was determined. A dose dependent reduction of the GSH content was found. No difference in reduction was seen between i.p. and i.v. administration, but the route of administration appeared to be of great importance regarding acute toxicity: 40 mg/kg i.p. was lethal within 48 h, whereas mice receiving the same dose i.v. survived for over three mo

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe gastric anti‐ulcer activity of hypolaetin‐8‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (H‐8‐G), a flavonoid isolated fromSideritis leucantha, has been studied in rats. This compound significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), with an increase in mucus production. In the pylorus‐ligated rat, H‐8‐G did not affect the volume of gastric secretion but decreased its acidity and peptic activity. The anti‐ulcer activity of this flavonoid does not depend on stimulation of cell proliferation in the rat gastric mucosa. Our results suggest that H‐8‐G activity is related to its cytoprotective effects [mediated by endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) and associated to an increase in gastric mucus production] alongside with its mo

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe compared the value of using twoin vivosolid tumor murine screening models, the B16 Melanoma and Colon 38 carcinoma, to the use ofin vivoP388 leukemia in the detection of active extracts and in the prioritization of weak P388 active extracts. We found that, among a diverse group of 82 cytotoxc plant extracts negative in the P388 assayin vivo, only one had activity in B16 melanoma or Colon 38 and, among a group of 99 botanically diverse P388‐active extracts, none were active in either the B16 or Colon 38 models. We therefore conclude that the B16 and Colon 38 modelsin vivoare not useful for screening of crude extract and that, while the P388 leukemia may over‐predict useful leads due to its high sensitivity, its use as a first screen for crude extracts does not appear to result in missing solid tumor acti

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCocaine was administered to B6C3F1 female mice at doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Body weight of the cocaine treated animals compared to saline controls demonstrated dose related decreases that were significant at higher doses. Comparison of relative organ weights demonstrated significant increases in liver weight at all dose levels whereas thymus and spleen weight decreased significantly at higher doses. No significant changes were found in adrenal weights. Pathological changes were consistently noted in livers with doses of 30 mg/kg or greater using light microscopy. Electron microscopy studies performed on animals receiving 50 and 60 mg/kg showed hepatocytes in various stages of degenerative vacuolization, which were restricted to centrilobular areas of livers. Numbers of hepatocytes with such changes were dose related. Significant changes in the hemopoietic system were noted at doses of 50 mg/kg for hematocrit, 60 mg/kg for RBCs, 50 and 60 mg/kg for mean corpuscular volume, 40, 50 and 60 mg/kg for hemoglobin, and dose independent changes for the ratio of segmented neutrophils to lymphocytes.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour alkaloids, dyshomerythrine (2), 3‐epischelhammericine (6), 2,7‐dihydrohomoerysotrine (7); and 3‐epi‐12‐hydroxyschelhammericine (8); two 1‐phenylethylisoquinoline, homolaudanosine (9) and dysoxyline (10); a novel alkaloid, dysazecine (3); two diterpenes, 8β‐hydroxysandaracopimar‐15‐ene (1) and phyllocladene (5) andp‐hydroxyacetophenone (4) isolated from the leaves ofDysoxylum lenticellarehave been tested againstBiomphalaria glabrataand found to possess molluscicidal activity.p‐hydroxyacetophenone (4) demonstrated high molluscicidal activity. An increase in the methoxy groupings increased the activity of the alkaloids whilst the disruption of the carbon skeleton decreased activity. All the compounds tested possessed cardiodepressant activities on t

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY