摘要:

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on recent antimicrobial plant products (1978–1988) and medicinal plants used for the treatment of infectious diseases. The review includes accounts of extracts, essential oils and other active principles isolated from plants that have been used in folk medicine as antimicrobial agents. The name and part of the plants studied, the spectrum of activity, type of active compounds and methods used are discussed, as are their mechanisms of actio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe comparative pharmacological activity ofCordiafruit mucilage at different stages of maturity was investigated to determine the stage at which active substances were present in high proportions. The fruit mucilage of ripe and unripeCordia myxa(RCm and URCm) decreased rabbit arterial blood pressure in a dose dependent manner without affecting the respiratory rate. Mucilage from both ripe and unripeCordia obliqua(RCo and URCo) decreased rabbit blood pressure and stimulated the respiratory rate. RCm is 12.37‐fold more potent as a hypotensive agent than RCo. However the respiratory stimulant effect of RCo is 7‐fold more than its own hypotensive effect. Investigation of the mode of action revealed that the hypotensive effect was more likely due to activation of parasympathetic ganglia and dilatation of peripheral blood vessels, whereas the respiratory stimulant effect may partly be due to activation of chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid body. In addition, a subeffective dose of the ripe fruit mucilage specifically antagonized nicotine‐induced hypotensive effect on rabbit and nicotine ganglionic stimulant effect on the isolated guineapig

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of ethanolic extracts of onion and garlic, on blood pressure and plasma fatty acid composition were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Oral administration of the extracts for up to 7 weeks during a normal salt diet or during a high salt diet did not influence the blood pressure. The percentage of two fatty acids in platelet‐rich plasma changed following garlic supplementation. The increase in the relative amount of linoleic acid and the simultaneous decrease in arachidonic acid were statistically significant. In the case of onion only the decrease in arachidonic acid was statistically significant. The changes in lipid metabolism could be responsible for the apparent beneficial effects of onion and garlic on the inhibition of platelet aggregatio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreparations from the plantCelastrus paniculatusWilld. have been used for treatment of malaria and other febrile illness in the traditional medicine practices of Thailand. Crude solvent extracts from the root bark and stem ofC. paniculatuswere screened for antimalarial activity againstP. falciparumusing anin vitroculture system. A fraction of the chloroform extract of the root bark showed the highest antimalarial activity. An active principle was isolated and characterized from the chloroform fraction and identified as a quinonoid triterpene, pristimerin. When testedin vitroagainst various multidrug resistant isolates ofP. falciparum, pristimerin was less active than the conventional antimalarial drugs tested.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the course of our studies on dental caries prevention by traditional medicines, fatty acids (myristic and oleic acidsetc.) and procyanidins from betel nuts (the seed ofAreca catechuL.) were respectively revealed to be the major antibacterial principles against a primary cariogenic bacterium,Streptococcus mutans, and the major inhibitory principles against glucosyltransferase fromS. mutans.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTonnentic acid was isolated as the hypoglycemic agent ofPoterium ancistroidesDesf. The present study reports effects of this compound on isolated islets of Langerhans. We demonstrate that tormentic acid in the presence of 1.66 mM glucose initiates insulin secretion by isolated rat islets of Langerhans in a dose‐dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. However, the compound has no effect on the insulin‐releasing capacity of 16.6 mM glucose. Similar results were obtained with the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (0.01 mM) used as a reference. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of tormentic acid is due to a diect effect of the compoundin vi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study determined the effects of two Chinese medicinal herbs,Astragalus membranaceus(AM) andLigustrum lucidum(LL), on chemiluminescent oxidative burst as an indicator of phagocytic function in a murine macrophage cell line J774. J774 cells were incubated with the aqueous herbal extract for 18 h at 37d̀C and 5% CO2. Chemiluminescent oxidative burst was triggered by adding a zymosan A suspension containing luminol and assayed in an automated luminometer. Significant dose‐related augmentation of chemiluminescence occurred with either AM or LL alone. A synergistic augmentation was obtained when the extracts were combined. The combined extract also significantly inhibited the growth of an experimental transitional cell carcinoma in mice. The results of this study indicate that these Chinese medicinal herbs may play a significant role in modulating host defense mechanis

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aqueous, organic, and volatile oil extracts of leaves ofEugenia unifloraLinn. Family Myrtaceae were investigated for antibacterial properties using agar dilution techniques. The aqueous extract was the most active against the organisms compared to the organic and volatile oil extracts. The extracts were found to inhibit Gram positiveStaphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilisand Gram negativeEscherichia coliandShigella dysentcriae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniac, andSalmonella typhiwere not inhibited.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methanolic fraction ofP. indicaroot extract was found to possess significant antiulcer activity in different experimental animal models. In preventive antiulcer tests, significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin‐induced gastric lesions were observed in experimental rats. The extract also afforded significant protection to chemically‐induced duodenal lesion in guineapigs. Significant enhancement of healing process in acetic acid‐induced chronic gastric lesions were also observed in the extract‐treated

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPretreatment with capsaicin tends to normalize pulmonary lipid peroxidation changes induced by exposure to sulfur dioxide, formalin or nitrogen dioxide gases. This protective effect of capsaicin pretreatment appears to be due to the stabilization of the rat lung membrane lipid system.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650030411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY