摘要:

AbstractThree different crude drugs take the same name ‘Hwang‐jin‐guey’ on the Taiwan market, they are (1)Cudrania cochinchinensisvar.gerontogea(Moraceae), (2)Ventilago leiocarpa(Rhamnaceae) and (3)Viscum multinerve(Loranthaceae). To clarify and compare the pharmacological actions of these folk medicines, the antiinflammatory and liver‐protective effects of their aqueous and ethanol extracts were investigated. The results showed that the aqueous extracts ofC. cochinchinensis(300 mg/kg),V. leiocarpa(300 mg/kg) and ethanol extract ofC. cochinchinensis(100 mg/kg) displayed marked antiinflammatory activity compared to indomethacin. An ethanol extract ofV. leiocarpa(300 mg/kg) exhibited a comparable inhibitory effect to indomethacin in the paw oedema induced by carrageenan. As to the liver‐protective effect, the statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated that the aqueous (100 mg/kg) and ethanol (300 mg/kg) extracts ofC. cochinchinensispresented pronounced activities against CCI4‐induced acute liver damage.However, treatment withV. multinerveoffered no protection against CCI4‐induced hepatotoxicity, whether aqueous or ethanol extracts. These phenomena were also confirmed by histologi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pharmacological effects ofBoussingaultia gracilisvar.pseudobaselloideswas studied against carrageenaninduced paw oedema, CCI4and D‐galactosamine (D‐GalN) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The water extracts ofB. gracilisvar.pseudobaselloides(leaf, stem, brood bud) were found to maintain significant antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan‐induced oedema. The administration of the brood bud extract (300 mg/kg) was more potent than indomethacin (10 mg/kg).Moreover, the water extracts ofB. gracilisvar.pseudobaselloides(leaf, stem, brood bud) significantly decreased the acute increase in serum GOT and GPT levels caused by CCI4and D‐GalN. Histological changes such as necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central vein (CCI4‐induced hepatotoxicity) and portal vein (D‐GalN induced hepatotoxicity), were simultaneously improved by the treatment withB. gracilisvar.pseudobaselloides(leaf, stem,

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the effect of TJ‐23 on the synthesis of acetylcholine menopausal rats. TJ‐23 (500 mg/kg body weight) was administered daily through drinking water for either 1 or 3 months. Treatment with TJ‐23 for 1 month resulted in an increase in the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the ventral hippocampus, but there was no statistically significant change in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex. Treatment with TJ‐23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the frontoparietal cortex, but there was no statistically significant change in the hippocampus. Furthermore, treatment with TJ‐23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the amygdala‐pyriform cortex complex. From these observations, it is inferred that TJ‐23 treatment brings on the synthesis of acetylcholine in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and furthermore, treatment with the same regimen brings on different time sequences of acetylcholine synthesis in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus in me

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAqueous extracts of two varieties ofSatureja obovataLag. subsp.obovata: var.valentinaand var.obovata, exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on the contractions induced by acetylcholine (Ach) (3.4 × 10−8−6.8 × 10−5M) and CaCl2(2 × 10−4−1.28 − 10−2M) in rat duodenum and by noradrenaline (NA) (10−9−5.12 × 10−7M) and CaCl2(2 × 10−4−1.28 × 10−2M) in rat aorta. The extracts also produced relaxant effects in both tissue preparations precontracted with K+(75 mM) and in rat aorta precontracted with NA (10−6M). Vasodilatory effects of the two extracts were attenuated when the endothelium was removed. The inhibitory effects of var.valentinawere stronger. These results indicated a smooth muscle relaxant effect that could account for the use of the

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dried root ofRauvolfia vomitoriaadministered orally to 10 psychiatric patients at doses up to 800 mg/day, in divided doses, showed antipsychotic effects. The overall side effects were minimal, without serious incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory parameters tend to correlate with the theory thatRauvolfia vomitoriaaccumulates in the plasma. The antipsychotic effects ofRauvolfia vomitoriawere shown to be dose dependent when given three‐times a day, with minimal side effect

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe alcoholic extract of the aerial parts ofScrophularia koelzii(100 mg/kg p.o. × 7 days) significantly protected the rat liver against thioacetamide induced toxicity. On its further fractionation, activity was localized in the chloroform fraction from which four iridoid glycosides, namely scropolioside‐A, koelzioside, harpagoside and 6‐0‐(3″‐0‐p‐methoxy‐cinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl catalpol were isolated. Among these, scropolioside‐A showed maximum hepatoprotective activity. Immunostimulant response was observed with all the four iridoids with harpagoside exhibiting maximum ind

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of propolis extract were studied in a model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by a high oral dose (600 mg/kg) of paracetamol in mice. Propolis at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. decreased significantly the activity of alanine aminotransierase in serum, which was increased by paracetamol alone and increased the concentration of reduced glutathione in mouse liver, which is depleted by paracetamol. Propolis extract also reduced liver damage induced by paracetamol in mice, which was observed by optical and electron microscopy. The hepatoprotective effects of propolis were produced when administered 30 min before paracetamol or 2 h after it. It is concluded that propolis exerts some effects which resemble those of N‐acetylcysteine, the well‐known antidote of paraceta

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrude extracts ofRuta chalepensisandR. chalepensisvar.latifoliashowed antifertility activity in female rats. In order to establish the active constituents which may be responsible for this effect, a group of selected coumarins and alkaloids were testedin vivo.Although chalepensin, bergaptol, chalepin and xanthatoxin showed antifertility activity, 70% of the test animals developed cystic and atretic follicles in their ovaries and glomerulocapsular adhesion and segmental fusion was observed in the kidneys. No harmful effect was observed in the brain. Alkaloids in this study showed no antifertility activity.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur earlier experiments have shown that the plant phenols—hydroxychavicol, eugenol, catechin, curcumin, and the vitamins—β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol—are potent inhibitors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In an attempt to elucidate their mode of action, we studied their effect on mouse skin DNA synthesis following 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) treatment and3H‐7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene—DNA interactionin vitro(in the presence of mouse skin S9). With the exception of eugenol, all the phenols and vitamins tested inhibited3H‐DMBA‐DNA interactionin vitro.In the DNA biosynthesis assay, of the chemopreventive agents tested only β‐carotene effectively modulated DMBA suppressed DNA synthesis in the mouse skin. Our results indicate that the assay of DNA biosynthesis is not of predictive value with respect to the chemopreventive effect of a chemical, while assay of carcinogen—DNA interaction shows correlation between the chemopreventive property and the inhibition of the interactio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHigh resolution gas chromatographic analysis of reference samples of ‘espinheira santa’ (Maytenus ilicifoliaandM. aquifolium, Celastraceae) and of samples purchased in Brazilian herbal medicine stores showed that friedelan‐3‐ol and friedelin can be utilized as markers for the identification of ‘espinheira santa’ and for the recognition of authentic and adulterated samples in a fast and simpl

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY