摘要:

AbstractIn view of the importance in folk medicine of some species ofTanacetumL. (Compositae), e.g.T. parthenium, this paper reviews reports of the past two decades on their phytochemistry and pharmacological actions. The facets of phytochemical composition to be reviewed concern mainly the compounds with a chemosystematic interest in the tribe: terpenoids, especially sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids. The pharmacological activities which make it possible to corroborate their use as a herbal remedy have also been reviewed.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe straw mushroomVolvariella volvaceais one of the common edible mushrooms in Hong Kong and is widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries. It has been reported to produce a hypotensive response in animals including humans. An aqueous extract of the mushroom (SME) was prepared and given through intravenous injections to normotensive rats. The blood pressure changes produced by SME alone or in the presence of various drugs were studied. The effects of SME on the kidney function of water‐loaded rats and on isolated tissue preparations of the tail artery and right atrium were examined. An i.v. injection of SME produced a hypotensive effect in rats with an ED50of 25 mg dry weight/kg body weight. This hypotensive effect of SME was attenuated or blunted in the presence of hexamethonium, phentolamine, pyrilamine and cimetidine suggesting the involvement of the α‐adrenergic component of the autonomic system and/or histamineergic stimulation. SME did not increase urinary excretion nor sodium diuresis. It produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on isolated right atria and induced contraction of isolated tail artery strips. This latter contractile response was inhibited by antagonists of serotonin and α‐adrenoceptor, ketanserin and phentolamine respectively. Partial purification using dialysis and liquid chromatography revealed that the hypotensive active substances had molecular masses between 8000 and 12000 dalton. These substances were heat stable and resistant to trypsin digestion. In view of the similarity in blood pressure and cardiovascular response, SME might contain serotonin‐like s

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of an ethanol extract ofCrocus sativusL. (CSE) on the long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the evoked potential in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was investigated using anaesthetized rats. CSE (250 mg/kg, p.o.) alone did not affect the generation of LTP by application of subthreshold or suprathreshold tetanic stimulation (20 or 30 pulses at 60 Hz). Oral administration of ethanol (10–30%, 10 mL/kg) blocked the LTP induced by tetanic stimulation of 30 pulses at 60 Hz, but the LTP‐blocking effect of ethanol was significantly attenuated by pre‐administration of CSE (125 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.). The blockade of LTP induction by intravenously injected ethanol (30%, 2 mL/kg) was also antagonized by administration of CSE at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg (p.o.). Oral administration of CSE antagonized also the LTP‐blocking effect of ethanol directly injected into the brain, although it required a higher dose (500 mg/kg, p.o.). These results suggest that oral administration of CSE exerts an antagonistic effect on ethanol‐induced impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which is possibly mediated by both direct action on the central nervous system and periph

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix were examined in rats with adenine‐induced renal failure and hypertension. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were decreased after magnesium lithospermate B administration. Oral administration of lithospermic acid B also decreased these blood pressure values even though the effects were weaker than those of magnesium lithospermate B. However, rats given lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid or caffeic acid showed no appreciable changes in systolic, mean or diastolic blood pressure throughout the experimental period. Urinary excretion of both kallikrein and sodium was increased significantly in rats given magnesium lithospermate B or lithospermic acid B. These results indicate that the action of these compounds shows a structure‐specific patt

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe active principles ofWithania somnifera(WS, 20–50 mg/kg, p.o.), consisting of equimolar amounts of sitoindosides. VII–X and withaferin A, were investigated for putative nootropic activity in an experimentally validated Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. The syndrome was induced by ibotenic acid (IA) lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats. Cognitive deficits induced in NMB‐lesioned rats were assessed by attenuation of a learned active avoidance task and a decrease in frontal cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MCR) binding. IA‐induced NBM lesioning in rats caused a marked cognitive deficit, as evidenced by severe reduction of the learned task, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in frontal cortex and hippocampal ACh levels, ChAT activity and MCR binding. WS (50 mg/kg) significantly reversed both IA‐induced cognitive deficit and the reduction in cholinergic markers after 2 weeks of treatment. The findings validate themedharasayan(promoter of learning and memory) effect ofW. somnifera, as has been reported in

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of an ethanolic extract of Cuban red propolis were examined using the model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in rats. Propolis extract at doses of 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg i.p. decreased significantly the activity of alanine aminotransferase and the concentration of malondialdehyde in rat serum as well as the concentration of triglycerides in liver which were increased in CCI4‐treated animals. An ethanol extract of red propolis also reduced liver damage induced by CCI4in rats. This effect was observed by electron microscopy. According to our results it is concluded that ethanolic extract of red propolis exerts hepatoprotective effects in this experimental model which are probably caused by antioxidative properties (e.g. scavenging action against oxygen radicals) of this extrac

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methanolic fraction ofPsidium guajavafruit extract was found to possess significant inhibitory activity against carragenin, kaolin and turpentine‐induced oedema formation. The fraction significantly inhibited protein exudation. The proliferative form of inflammation was significantly counteracted following cotton pellet‐induced granuloma formation in rats. Acetic acid‐induced algesia (writhing) in mice was significantly inhibited by the fraction. Significant antipyretic activity of the fraction was observed following yeast‐induced pyrexia in rats. Potent antiarthritic activity was observed with the fraction against formaldehyde‐induced chronic arthriti

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolysaccharide fractions TG‐1 and TG‐2 were isolated from the fruit bodies ofTrametes gibbosa(Pers.: Fr.) Fr.(Polyporaceae). Both fractions are glucans with trace amounts of other sugars. The polysaccharide fractions administered to rats intravenously, strongly inhibited vessel permeability in the rat pleural exudate model, induced by carragenan, but did not influence its density. Both polysaccharide fractions decreased considerably the total protein level in the pleural effusion. Fractions TG‐1 and TG‐2 antagonized effectively the inflammation mediator complex induced by carragenan and they neutralized the pharmacological effects with respect to small vessel permeability. At the same time they increased the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and decreased the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The pharmacological activity of polysaccharide fractions TG‐1 and TG‐2 confirms their function as potential factors responsible for the stabilization of a wall vessel, especially in pathological conditions leading to endothe

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study analyses the pharmacological activity inin vitroandin vivomodels of different extracts obtained fromAraujia sericifera. The hexane extract of fruits lacked toxicity, but exhibited an analgesic effect in models of chemical and thermal stimulation. Such an extract was the only one which exhibited antiinflammatory actions. The intrinsic effect on arterial blood pressure was biphasic: at low doses it significantly increased blood pressure, whereas at high doses it exerted the opposite effect. On isolated organs it produced a marked decrease in the maximum effect of histamine and acetylcholine. The dichloromethanol extract of fruits decreased arterial pressure and the maximum effect of histamine. The methanol extract of fruits slightly depressed the CNS. An analgesic effect was noted following chemical stimulation; the maximum effect of serotonin was significantly decreased. The dichloromethanol extract of seeds markedly decreased arterial pressure and the maximum effect of acetylcholine and serotonin. The methanol extract of seeds exerted an analgesic effect after chemical stimulation and modified the maximum effect of noradrenaline and serotonin.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dried (elaterium) or fresh juice fromEcballium elateriumfruit is used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in popular medicine. In this study the elaterium is examined for its analgesic and antipyretic effects in several animal models. The elaterium exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY