摘要:

AbstractThe leaf and root parts or their combination ofNauclea latifoliawere separately extracted and their pharmacological effects on purinergic transmission in the bladder investigated. The leaf extract was very potent in potentiating purinergic neurotransmission by potentiating ATP induced contractions. These actions were more pronounced than the depression of potassium chloride evoked contraction of the bladder. The root extract depressed purinergic contraction of the bladder by a direct depressant action on the bladder smooth muscle since it did not modify ATP induced contractions. The leaf and root extracts antagonized each other when combined together. It is concluded that the leaf and root extracts ofN. latifoliapossess interesting pharmacological actions on the bladder.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA microbiological evaluation was conducted on those medicinal plants most frequently used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases by Tzeltal and Tzotzil communities in the highlands of Chiapas. The results obtained showed that many of the species induced antimicrobial activityin vitro.The present study allowed selection of three groups of plants with potent effect against gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureus, gram‐negativeEscherichia colibacteria andCandida albicans.It was also demonstrated that 63% of the botanical species that showed antimicrobial properties, enhanced (46%) or induced (17%) the effect under exposure of the plant extracts to UV‐A light. In the search for new molecules with therapeutic value, the present screening offers a preliminary selection of groups of botanical species; within each, there are several representatives that merit further evaluation as potential antibiotics and photosensit

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAqueous extracts (AE) ofchyrocline flaccidaexhibit true antiviral activityin vitroagainst different members of the Herpesvirus family (herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus, bovine herpesvirus and lower activity with pseudorabies virus). The extract had no activity against some RNA (naked and enveloped) viruses and adenoviruses. The extract was not virucidal but its antiviral index (AI) was sufficiently high to justify further analysis. A preliminary characterization indicates that an early step of viral replication was affected by the aqueous extract.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA defined pollen extract of selected plants has been reported to possess some pharmacological activities on chronic prostatis or benign prostatic hyperplasia. This paper describes the antitumour potential of the water soluble fraction (Cernitin T60) of pollen extract against Lewis lung carcinoma implanted intraperitoneally in syngeneic mice. Cernitin T60 was not cytotoxic in cell cultures at concentrations up to 2.5 mg/mL, while it is significantly prolonged the life‐span of mice carrying the tumour without any apparent side effects at 0.5 g/kg. In addition, Cernitin T60 demonstrated beneficial therapeutic effects in an additive fashion on the life‐span of mice when it was combined with standard cytotoxic antitumour drugs such as adriamycin, cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, fluorouracil, or thioguanine. The antitumour potential of Cernitin T60 was completely abolished by treatment with inhibitors of macrophage functions (2‐chloroadenosine or carrageenan), but not with a T‐cell inhibitor (cyclosporin A). Cernitin T60 appears to be a potent immunostimulator of macr

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pair of tetracycline‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains carrying different resistance determinants,tetKandtetM, were employed to screen some ginseng prosapogenins as antagonists of tetracycline resistance. ThetetKgene encodesTetKefflux pump and thetetMgene define a ribosomal‐level resistance. The susceptibility of two strains to tetracycline was measured in parallel in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. The efflux pump not ribosomal protection was adversely affected by ginsenosides Rh2, F1, 20‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐20(S)‐dammar‐3, 20‐diol (compound K), 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rh2and their aglycones at nontoxic concentrations, reversing tetracycline resistance in the

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPanax ginsengextract G‐115 had anticomplementary and mitogenic activities. Incubation with artificial gastric juice slightly decreased the anticomplementary activity, whereas incubation with artificial intestinal juice or with artificial gastric juice followed by artificial intestinal juice slightly increased the activity. Incubations with artificial gastric and intestinal juices slightly decreased mitogenic activity similar to that with water. The G‐115 was fractionated in order to characterize the active substances for anticomplementary and mitogenic activities. The most potent anticomplementary activity was observed in the crude polysaccharide fraction, G‐115G, whereas the water‐soluble dialysable fraction, G‐115E showed the most potent mitogenic activity. Although pronase digestion did not change the anticomplementary activity of G‐115G, G‐115G decreased the anticomplementary activity after the treatments with periodate and endo‐polygalacturonase indicating that a carbohydrate moiety containing polygalacturonan may contribute to the activity. G‐115G was further purified by precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, anion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose and gel filtration on Sepharose CL‐4B, and major potent anticomplementary polysaccharide, G‐115I1‐IIa‐2‐3 was obtained. G‐115I1‐IIa‐2‐3 was homogeneous, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 3.68 × 105. G‐115I1‐IIa‐2‐3 consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose and glucose in addition to small amounts of

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtracts of 40 Ayurvedic medicines and 39 Panamanian medicinal plants were screened for their inhibitory activity on the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) in cultured cells. The extracts of 11 plant species showed potent inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, while those of ten species showed moderate activities. Repeated oral administration of each extract ofRhus acuminata(galls),Saraca indica(bark),Strychnos potatrum(seeds) appreciably suppressed the development of typical skin lesions induced by infection of HSV‐1 in BALB/c mice. The extract ofS. potatrumprolonged both development of skin lesion and mean survival time. This indicates thatS. potatrumis a possible candidate for therapeutic application for HSV‐1 inf

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMethanol and dichloromethanol extracts of the leaves and stems of fourTeucriumspecies (T. cartaginenses, T. flavum, T. pumillumandT. buxifolium) have been tested for their toxicity, analgesic and central depressor effects. The intraperitoneal administration of the different extracts showed a CNS depressant activity in mice, but they lacked anticonvulsive effects. When tested for analgesic activity none of the extracts increased the threshold of pain thermal stimulus. However, the methanol and dichloromethanol extracts ofT. cartaginensesandT. buxifoliumspecies showed a significant analgesic effect in models of pain induced by chemical or mechanical stimulation.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome 68 plant extracts from 65 species belonging to 25 families were investigated for antibacterial activity against eight gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Of the 68 extracts, 64 (94.1%) exhibited inhibitory effects against one or more microorganisms. Furthermore, among the active extracts, 12 from 11 species exhibited a broad spectrum of activity. Discussion on the probable chemical components responsible for this activity is inclu

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMicrosomes from ram seminal vesicles were used as a source of cyclooxygenase enzyme to evaluate the effect of ann‐butanol fraction ofDesmodium adscendens(nBF) on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. 1‐14C‐arachidonic acid (14C‐AA) conversions into prostaglandin E2(PGE2), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2a) and the endoperoxide intermediate, prostaglandin H2(PGH2) were analysed radiometrically and compared among reaction mixtures with different concentrations of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, with and without GSH and with or without preincubation with nBF, tyramine and hordenine, phenolic compounds present inD. adscendens.The percentage of14C‐AA converted in the various reaction mixtures was used to indicate activation of cyclooxygenase enzyme (Cox). nBF activated Cox at sub‐optimal enzyme concentrations and increased PG synthesis at all enzyme concentrations used, shifting the increased production in favour of PGE2under certain conditions. Tyramine was more effective than nBF in activating Cox. The results indicate thatD. adscendenscontains compounds, other than phenolics, which modulate PG synthesis and could lead to production of relaxant

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY