摘要:

AbstractMangiferin, a C‐glucosylxanthone (1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyxanthone‐C2‐β‐D‐glucoside), isolated from several plant sources, was shown to be effective in activating murine peritoneal macrophages. It acted as a strong inducing agent with a peak elicitation response at 48 h interval of treatment (10 μg mangiferin/g body weight, g b.w). The mangiferin‐elicited, as well asin vitromangiferin‐treated, macrophages showed increased lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase activity and enhanced cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis against ascitic fibrosarcoma (AFS) cells. The augmented tumour killing activities were associated with enhanced tumour target binding by the macrophages. However, thein vivoeffect of mangiferin in activating macrophages was

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe petroleum ether extract of the leaves ofMunnozia maroniiwas found to inhibitin vitrothe growth of promastigote forms ofLeishmaniaand epimastigote forms ofTrypanosoma cruziwith an IC90of 25 μg/mL. Activity‐guided fractionation of the extract by chromatography identified the sesquiterpene lactone 1 of the guaiane series. The complete structure of 1 was elucidated using1H and13C NMR experiments at high field. The isolated compound was shown to be a new natural guaianolid, dehydrozaluzanin C, previously known as synthetic oxidative derivative of zaluzanin C (Romo de Vivaret al., 1967). This compound inhibited,in vitro, the growth of 12 strains ofLeishmaniaand 15 strains ofT. cruziat concentrations between 50 and 2.5 μg/mL. The leishmanicidal activity of dehydrozaluzanin C was tested on BALB/cmice infected with amastigote forms ofLeishmania amazonensis. Dehydrozaluzanin C reduced the severity ofL. amazonesislesions in BALB/cmice but was less active than the reference compound Glucant

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of an aqueous extract ofTribulus terrestris(an indigenous drug) administered orally at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight was studied in six male adult rats in whom hyperoxaluria was induced and maintained by hydroxyproline and sodium glycolate respectively. Twenty‐four hour urinary oxalate excretion reversed to normal, from 1.97±0.314 to 0.144±0.004 mg/mg creatinine (p<0.01) within 21 days of administration ofT. terrestrisextract and remained so until 15 days after withdrawal of extract and sodium glycol

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methanol extract of the stembark ofErythrina sigmoideadecreased the tone and spontaneous activity of isolated rat ileal preparations. It was found that at an extract concentration of 4.8 μg/mL, all activity was abolished. Carbachol and acetylcholine were both shown to be partially antagonized by the extract at 4.8 μg/mL. Atropine, the standard muscarinic antagonist had similar effects which were, however, less potent. Sustained spasms provoked by either of the two cholinomimetics were rapidly relaxed to levels below the zero point by small concentrations of the methanol extract as compared to relaxations provoked by atropin

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe action of two monoterpene esters isolated fromValeriana wallichiiD.C., valtrate and didrovaltrate, has been studied on the ultrastructure of HTC hepatoma cells in culture. These two compounds are cytoxic and inhibit the synthesis of DNA and protein in tumour cells. The study using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that, prior to cell death, the two compounds cause the disappearance of membrane microvilli, a large distension of the endoplasmic reticulum and a marked condensation of the mitochondria. Furthermore, valtrate rapidly leads to the rounding and detachment of cells cultivated in layers whereas, in the presence of didrovaltrate, the cells remain spread out and tightly attached to the support, even after treatment with trypsin.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate a possible role of lipid peroxidation in the cytotoxicity of eupatoriopicrin, the principal sesquiterpene lactone fromEupatorum cannabinumL. Incorporation of arachidonic acid acyl chains in the phospholipids of cellular membranes of mouse fibroblast LM cells enhanced their sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of eupatoriopicrin. In the clonogenic assay (2 h exposure) 90% cell kill was found with 14.4 μMeupatoriopicrin in normal cells and 11.7 μMin cells enriched with arachidonic acid (PUFA cells). After incubation with eupatoriopicrin a more rapid loss of membrane integrity and more lysis was found for PUFA cells in the trypan blue exclusion assay. Using gas chromatography, it was shown that the spectrum of fatty acid acyl chains in the phospholipids of normal cells remained unchanged after 2 h incubation with 20 μMeupatoripicrin, followed by 24 h post‐incubation. In PUFA cells the polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to degrade possibly due to lipid peroxidation. Using the alkaline unwinding assay and clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis, more DNA damage was found in PUFA cells than in normal cells after treatment with eupatoriopicrin. However, because in normal cells, in which PUFA were nearly absent, DNA damage was found as well, it is concluded that lipid peroxidation plays at most a minor role in eupatoriopicrin‐induced cell k

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractT. foenum‐graecumseed extract (100 mg/day/rat) was fed orally to male albino rats for 60 days. The sperm count and motility of cauda spermatozoa declined significantly leading to negative fertility tests. The organ weights as well as androgen dependent parameters (protein, sialic acid and fructose) were lower, revealing the reduction in circulating androgen. Cholesterol is a precursor of androgen. The increase in testicular and serum cholesterol may be co‐related with its nonutilization by the system, leading to a fall in circulating androgen and hence the altered histoarchitecture observed. ThereforeT. foenum‐graecumextract exerts both antifertility and antiandrogenic activ

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn experiments on old (26 months old) rats, we found that the extracts ofPanax ginseng(G115),Ginkgo biloba(GK501) and their combination Gincosan® (PHL‐00701) administered orally at two doses for 7 days induced changes in the levels of biogenic monoamines in some brain regions (frontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus and pons). The most characteristic change was the increase produced by the two extracts and their combination in the serotonin level in all brain structures except for pons compared with controls. In the hippocampus G115, GK501 and their combination decreased the noradrenaline level. The same doses of G115, GK501 and their combination applied for 7 days to young (3 months old) and old (26 months old) rats caused significant changes in the blood level of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and ACTH compared with age‐matched controls: both G115 and GK501 decreased the serum level of PRL compared with age‐matched controls; the hormone level being high in old controls, in extract‐treated rats it became equal to that in young controls; G115 and PHL‐00701 greatly increased the serum level of ACTH in both age groups compared with age‐matched controls. Under conditions of induced immobilization and cold stress in young rats, the 7‐day pretreatment with G115, GK501 and their combination led to significant changes in the blood levels of PRL, GH and ACTH compared with control untreated stressed and u

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects on the calcium oxalate urolithiasis urinary risk factors ofZea mays (stigmata maidis), in herb infusion form, combined with different diets (standard, high glucidic, high protein) have beer studied using male Wistar rats. From the reported study, the possible antilithiasic effects ofZea maisinfusion can be exclusively assigned to some diuretic activity. Thus, no influence on important urinary risk factors such as citraturia, calciuria or urinary pH values was detected. It is interesting to emphasize that the diuretic effect of the herb infusion was clearly dependent on the diet and was maximum when the rats were fed with the standard one.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antiulcerogenic effect of two flavonoids, quercetin and naringenin, in acute gastric ulcer (cold‐restraint and pylorus‐ligated) has been investigated. In both models quercetin and naringenin presented a significant decrease in ulcer index with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, in the Shay‐ligated method no decrease in either volume, acidity or pepsin were observed, however, a significant difference was found in histamine secretion v

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY