摘要:

AbstractA review is presented about fagaronine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid responsible for antitumoural activity. Plant source, extraction, biosynthesis, medicinal properties, especially antileukaemic activity, are described.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPapers impregnated with seventeen extracts and three essential oils derived from nineteen plant species were assayed for insecticidal effect onLutzomyia longipalpissandflies. Five extracts significantly increased the mortality rates when compared with controls. Six extracts and two essential oils were assessed after application to hamsters for repellency/antifeedant effects on the flies.Bixa orellanaseed extract andBulnesia sarmientoiessential oil elicited a strong feeding inhibition at 2.50‐1.25 μg/cm2sk

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple method for screening natural products on triatomine bugs, vectors of Chagas' disease, was developed using fourth instarRhodnius neglectusnymphs as an insect model. The statistical method of randomized blocks and randomized blocks with a dichotomous variable were compared and the minimum sample size for screening purposes was established. Tests were made on 94 plant extracts from 49 species, 28 of which are traditionally regarded as having some effect on arthropods or parasitic helminths. 50 μg of crude hexane or ethanol extract was topically applied to each insect. The effect on mortality and moulting was assessed. Ten plant species caused an increased mortality (16.0% to 52.3%) compared with untreated controls. Moulting inhibition ranged from 22.2% to 33.3% and was related to insecticidal effect in most cases. Extracts from two Meliaceae plants belonging to the generaMeliaandCabraleawere among the most active tested, causing 32.5% and 45% mortality, respectively. Extracts from aSalviaspecies killed 52.3% of the bugs. Ten of the 13 plants showing activity are used by the rural population in various parts of Latin America for arthropod control or as vermifuges

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUrsolic acid has been evaluated for its choleretic, anticholestatic and hepatoprotective activities in rats. It produced a dose‐dependent (5–20 mg/kg) choleretic effect. Significant anticholestatic activity (27.9–100%) was observed against paracetamol (2.0 g/kg) induced cholestasis. The compound also showed a marked hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol and galactosamine (800 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity by reversing the altered values in viability of the isolated hepatocytes and the altered biochemical liver and serum parameters. The activity of ursolic acid compared well with the known hepatoprotective drug, sily

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA fraction of the essential oil ofSalvia lavandulifoliacontaining 50% sabinyl acetate was used to evaluate its fetotoxic potential in mice. Pregnant dams were injected s.c. (15, 45 and 135 mg of this fraction/kg body weight) on days 6 to 15 of gestation. They were killed and subjected to uterine examination on day 17 of pregnancy. The fetuses were removed for examination and the maternal hepatic and renal weights were recorded. A significant maternal toxicity, as indicated by a reduced weight gain, was observed among pregnant dams receiving 45 or 135 mg/kg of the test material. In addition, a reduced hepatic weight was observed in the three treated groups in the females that had a reduced litter—thus indicating a greater susceptibility to sabinyl acetate during pregnancy—and in the 135 mg/kg treated group, in most of the dams. In the three treated groups the drug had a dose‐dependant abortifacient effect, but was not fetotoxic.This work underlines the potential risk induced by the uncontrolled use of such essential oils in aromath

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dimeric tertiary indole alkaloid bisnordihydrotoxiferine isolated from the root bark ofStrychnos trinervis(Vell.) Mart. inhibited, on i.p. administration,Escherichia coli‐induced diarrhoea and cholera toxin‐stimulated intestinal fluid accumulation in mice. The respective ED50values were 10.6 and 20.0 mg/kg. The activity of bisnordihydrotoxiferine was unaffected by nalorphine or yohimbine, suggesting that the opioid and α2‐adrenoceptors respectively, are not important for its antidiarrhoeal action. In smooth muscle studies, bisnordihydrotoxiferine antagonized in a noncompetitive and reversible manner, the contractions produced by histamine, acetylcholine and substance P in guinea‐pig ileum and by 5‐hydroxytryptamine and arachidonic acid in rat fundic strip. The respective pD'2values (mean ± SEM) were 5.21 ± 0.29, 5.20 ± 0.29, 5.35 ± 0.12, in the ileum and 4.95 ± 0.13 and 3.66 ± 0.12 in the fundic strip. The values of slopes of the regression lines differed significantly from unity in all cases. Bisnor was inactive against PGE2‐induced contractions in the ileum. The mechanism of action of the alkaloid may be related to nonspecific antagonism of gastrointestinal smooth muscle stimulant activity of several end

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA purified extract ofOrobanche hederae, composed of two phenylpropanoid glycosides, verbascoside and orobanchoside (55:45), was investigated for its pharmacological profile. The extract did not exert significant changes on the nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test; no effect was registered on guinea‐pig ileum. On the other hand, the phenylpropanoid glycoside mixture significantly prolonged sleep induced by pentobarbital and affected locomotor activity in mice; it also produced a slowing of the electroencephalographic trace and induced, when injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle, epileptiform activity in male rabbits. These effects may suggest neuroleptic‐like propert

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antimicrobial effects of the sesquiterpene T‐cadinol, isolated from the Somalian traditional remedy, scented myrrh (resin ofCommiphora guidottiiChiov., Burseraceae), were investigated. The compound was found to be active towardStaphylococcus aureusandTrichophyton mentagrophytes.The minimum inhibitory concentration of T‐cadinol onS. aureuswas 24 μg/mL and the lowest concentration exerting fungicidal effect onT. mentagrophyteswas 2.3 μg/mL. The influence of T‐cadinol cell viability inS. aureus, both in different growth‐phases, and in the absence and presence of chloramphenicol, was studied. It could be concluded that T‐cadinol has a bactericidal rather than a bacteriostatic effect, which acts also in the absence of growth. Furthermore, the effect of T‐cadinol onS. aureuswas analysed and documented with transmission electron microscopy. The electron micrographs clearly showed that T‐cadinol interacted with the cell envelopes, causing bacterial lysis and subsequent fatal loss of intracellular material. The effect of the substance was thus characterized as bacteriolytic. The use of scented myrrh in traditional medicine as a remedy for wounds may then be in congruence with this bactericidal effect of T‐cadinol toward the common wound

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDelphinidin chloride (IdB 1056) was found to possess a significant activity by the intraperitoneal and oral routes in different experimental models of microvascular damage. It antagonized the increase in skin capillary permeability induced by histamine in rats and rabbits, by bradykinin and hyaluronidase in rats and by xylol in mice. Significant increases in skin capillary resistance were observed after a 3‐day oral dosing in guinea‐pigs and rats. A significant enhancement in cutaneous wound healing rate was found with a 10‐day oral treatment in rats made locally ischaemic. Delphinidin showed a low acute toxicity by the oral

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe extract (IPA) of leaves fromIpomoea pes‐caprae(L.) R. Br. has previously been shown to reduce the development of rat ear oedema induced by ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP) in a dose‐dependent manner. Using this bioassay to guide fractionation of the extract, two diastereomeric compounds, the actinidols 1a and 1b, were isolated (0.8% of IPA). The actinidols constitute part of the active principle of IPA. Compounds, previously isolated from IPA, with either prostaglandin synthesis inhibiting activityin vitro[2‐hydroxy‐4,4,7‐trimethyl‐1(4H)‐naphthalenone, (−)‐mellein and eugenol] or antispasmodic activity (E‐phytol) were also assayed for inhibitory effects on the development of EPP‐induced rat ear oedema. They all reduced oedema formation dose‐dependently. The results suggest that IPA consists of several active compounds which interfere with the process of inflamm

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY