ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A comparison of first‐year medical students' attitudes to social issues in medicine with attitudes of non‐medical first‐year students in 1983 found that the medical group was less conservative towards general social issues but more conservative in relation to those areas which closely affect the doctor's role, particularly the place of allied health professions and government intervention in health care. This paper reports a follow‐up study of the same groups of students when they had reached senior years in their respective courses. While medical student conservatism on general social issues continues to be no greater than other student groups there is a marked increase in conservatism of attitudes towards government involvement in health care and regulation of costs. Attitudes to allied health professions and preventive care remain unchanged but senior medical students are significantly less likely to recognize social factors as determinants of illness than they were when they commenced the study of medicine. Specific curricular attention to social and behavioural medicine does not appear to counteract the predominantly biomedical perspective students experience in teaching hospitals, the major venue for their clinical ed

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In Queensland, scores in the final 2 years of secondary school scaled by an independent aptitude test are used to determine admission to tertiary education. The validity of this procedure for medical school enrolment has been investigated. Data were from four cohorts which entered the medical school to commence the course in each of the years 1975‐1978, a total of 943 students. In addition to the school subject scores, overall order of merit scores and results of an independent aptitude test used to scale these scores were included with the predictors. Criteria were derived from the grades obtained in the 33 medical school subjects over the 6‐year course, or from a broad pass/fail classification.We demonstrate that the school science subjects were of moderate value for prediction of preclinical achievement, but that school English was the most important predictor of performance in the clinical years, which is perhaps an indication of the value of communication ski

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study assessed whether overall academic performance in undergraduate medical coursework can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using grades from initial collegelevel courses rather than total premedical grade point averages (GPAs). Initial college grades from four areas, MCAT scores, and NBME I and II scores were recorded for students admitted to the University of Washington Medical School, for students admitted to other medical schools, and for students not admitted to any medical school. The results documented a high relationship between cumulative GPAs and initial grades, with differences found between those students admitted to medical school and those not admitted. The importance of this study is the documentation that little predictive utility is gained by waiting for overall college GPAs from medical school applicants. Initial GPAs are available 2 years earlier than overall GPAs and provide virtually the same information. Exploratory suggestions for medical school admission policies are made.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In a variation of the Dr Fox study, an educational specialist delivered a lecture in the first‐year course on physiology. A highly expressive teaching style was used for content which was determined by physiology teachers. The aim was to determine whether students would note a difference. According to student evaluations, this was the highest rated lecture in the 1984 course. The lecture was repeated in the 1985 and 1986 courses with positive, but less high ratings. No students detected that the lecturer was not a physiologis

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper was motivated by a controversy concerning the role of basic sciences in medical education. A problem underlying this issue is that it is unknown how basic science is used in clinical reasoning. The experiment was designed to address this issue. Three texts were constructed dealing with basic science knowledge relevant to a clinical problem. Subjects were asked to read and recall the texts. Next, the subjects were required to read and recall the clinical text describing a patient problem. Finally, they were asked to provide a diagnosis and an explanation of the underlying pathophysiology. Subjects were first‐, second and fourth‐year medical students. Detailed analysis of subjects' protocols arc presented. In general, the results show that when basic science information is given before the clinical problem, the basic science knowledge is used either incorrectly or inconsistently in explaining the clinical problem by all subjects. The authors interpret these results to indicate that the basic sciences and the more practical clinical knowledge form two separate domains with their own individual structures and the clinical information cannot be embedded into the basic science knowledge struct

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The opinions of 142 doctors on the relevance of anatomy to the diagnosis and management of common clinical problems in their current medical and dental practice were analysed. This was in a bid to determine the relevant anatomy course content for the new primary health care oriented medical and dental curriculum of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos.The respondents gave high scores to the relevance of anatomy knowledge to the management of acute abdomen (mean=3.5), dislocated shoulder (3.3), Colles' fracture (3.2), palmar space abscess (3.2), obstructed labour (3.2), carcinoma of the breast (3.2), ectopic pregnancy (3.1), flail chest (3.1) and upper respiratory obstruction (3.0). They gave minimal scores to helminthiasis (mean=1.5) common cold and anaemia (1.6), sickle cell disease (1.7), gastroenteritis (1.8), dental abscess (2.0), hypertension (2.2) and asthma (2.2).A basis for selecting relevant anatomy course content is deduced for an udergraduate curriculum in which the responsibilities and competence of the graduates is known. A nationwide extension of the study, especially amongst general practitioners and first‐line doctors in rural areas, would be useful for identification of health problems that require little or no knowledge of anatomy and which can be safely managed by lower cadres of health personnel, traditional practitioners and members of the lay communit

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The present study evaluates the usefulness, as perceived by students, of the various methods by which anatomical information is presented during the preclinical part of the medical course.Assessments of these learning methods were elicited from a cohort of medical students at the University of Benin by a questionnaire based on their selection of questions to attempt in Anatomy Paper 2 (Essays) of the First Professional examination (=2nd MB). An algorithm was provided to enable the quantification of the preferences expressed and hence the derivation of a utility index for each learning method.The results showed that reading/private study, formal lectures, informal discussions with peers and practical work were the learning methods from which the students had benefited, in descending order of usefulness.These findings are discussed in the context of the teaching and learning of human anatomy in the particular circumstances studied.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The authors assessed the expected degree of comfort among first‐year students at two California medical schools in taking a sexual history from four types of patients: heterosexual men; heterosexual women; homosexual (men and women combined); and an AIDS patient. Data were from questionnaires administered at two California medical schools (response rate=87%). Students expected to be significantly more comfortable with heterosexual patients who were the same sex as the student. Students who had previously taken a sexual history anticipated relatively more comfort with heterosexual patients. The lowest expected comfort was for the AIDS patient. Older students expected to be more comfortable with the AIDS patient, independent of the student's personal sexual experience. Students with a homosexual friend anticipated more comfort with both the AIDS patient and the homosexual patient

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The advent of new trends in medical education makes it necessary for new and established medical schools to evaluate their curricula. The changing needs of society emphasize that this process should be continuous. There are, however, many difficulties which impede the initiation of curriculum evaluation. The College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences at King Abdulaziz University initiated and carried out a plan for programme evaluation in 1984‐85. The pathway selected for this experience was based on existing models which were modified to suit the local needs.The formulation of the plan was guided by general principles aiming at participation, communication, data‐gathering from numerous sources and utilization of appropriate resources. The main direction of the evaluation was formative in nature and was carried out internally. The results were analysed and revealed major problems in the existing design and the teaching/ learning environment. The recommendations for change were guided by educational criteria concerned with promotion of learning, problemsolving and community orientation. The main emphasis in the presentation of this report is on the process more than the content of curriculum evaluat

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID