ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe selection of entrants for medical school, as now widely agreed, should include measurements of non‐academic as well as academic attributes. The authors have developed a process to assess the personal attributes of applicants. This included a structured panel interview carried out twice on each applicant by independent interviewers and a group exercise in which several applicants were observed whilst discussing a problem. Training for interviewers took the form of a half‐day interactive workshop.One hundred and forty‐one school‐leaving applicants completed the new assessment. No relationship was found between academic achievement as reflected by marks in a national examination and scores in the panel interview, the group exercise, or the school principal's report. However, significant intercorrelations were found between the panel interview, group exercise and school report. The results of this experience have encouraged the Auckland School to continue to explore methods to measure these attributes in a carefully controlle

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to measure the prevalence of psychological morbidity, and the nature and source of stress, in first year medical students. Two hundred and four first year medical students at a university in the north of England were sent a postal, self‐report questionnaire. They were asked to complete the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Stress Incident Record and to give details of their alcohol consumption. A total of 172 students (84·3%) replied. Thirty‐six per cent of the students scored above the threshold of the GHQ, indicating probable psychological disturbance. There was no difference between men and women. Approximately half of the students described a stressful incident, the majority of which were related to medical training rather than to personal problems. Male students reported drinking significantly more alcohol than female students, but there was no relationship between levels of alcohol consumption and either psychological disturbance or reporting of stress.The findings suggest that even at the preliminary stages of medical training, many students find aspects of the medical course very stressful. The psychological well‐being of medical students needs to be more carefully addressed, and closer attention paid to the styles of medical teaching that may provoke avoidable di

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAt Stanford University School of Medicine, students are encouraged to conduct research, requiring a substantial amount of funding and effort on the part of teaching staff. We questioned one graduating class and all medical teachers to determine the value of the research experience to students, as well as staff satisfaction. Seventy‐three per cent of students and 80% of teaching staff responded. Ninety per cent of students had performed research resulting in at least one published manuscript for 75% and a presentation at a national meeting for 52%. Almost all thought the experience taught them to ask questions, review the literature critically, and analyse data. Three‐quarters responded that the experience motivated them to pursue further research, and 60% indicated that they plan a full‐time academic career. The majority of teaching staff who worked with students found it rewarding and thought the student had had a valuable experience. We conclude that our curriculum provides a positive opportunity for students to develop an investigative approach to medical pro

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper examines the use of videotape simulation as a research method for the exploration of clinical problem‐solving, the challenges posed and the strategies employed to overcome the difficulties encountered are discussed. The simulation forms part of a larger comparative study of outcomes of pre‐registration nurse education programmes, commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visit

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA questionnaire, which consisted of 10 statements dealing with the attributes of effective clinical instruction, was designed for use by medical students. Three groups of trainees who followed consecutive clinical rotations in paediatrics assessed the instructional skills of their tutors using the instrument. Summary reports on students’ perceptions were made available to the teachers soon after each rotation. The results showed that although individual instructors exhibited varying degrees of the desired skills, they maintained a consistent pattern through the assessments. When considered on an overall basis, teacher behaviours such as allowing the students to ask questions and giving satisfactory answers, and helping in students’ learning problems with relevant feedback, received a higher percentage of positive ratings than emphasizing problem‐solving, demonstrating and supervising physical examinations and procedures, and stimulating the students’ interest in the subject. It appears that the instrument developed is suitable for obtaining feedback from the students to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the instructional skills of their clinical teachers. Such feedback would become useful when modifying programme presentation and in planning and conducting faculty development act

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA contemporary health dilemma, that of mandatory HIV testing of patients and professionals, is used as a focus for an ethics class. Background material which is given to students is described and referenced. The interjection of ethical theory is described. The exercise has provided an effective focus for medical and health professional undergraduate and postgraduates. It combines contemporary material with ethical theory, and so brings ethics into practice for students.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a postgraduate skin cancer training programme in improving family doctors’ levels of knowledge and clinical practice. Forty‐one of 59 family doctors (69% consent) who enrolled in the training programme agreed to participate in its evaluation. Approximately half of the doctors were allocated to the ‘intervention’ group, and the others were in the ‘waiting‐list’ control group. Pre‐ and post‐test data were collected to assess changes in doctors’ knowledge, perceived confidence and clinical practice. The training programme involved three sessions, including an information/education session, a practical session at the local Melanoma Unit, and a practical surgical procedures session. There were significant improvements in the proportion of (i) accurate diagnoses, which were made when lesions were presented on colour slides with an accompanying case history; (ii) lesions presented on colour slides in which the correct management of the lesion was identified; and (iii) doctors who felt very or extremely confident in their ability to advise patients on screening frequency, to advise patients on the signs of skin cancer, and to decide whether changes in lesions were malignant. The only improvement observed in the doctors’ clinical practice was a significant increase from pre‐ to post‐test in the proportion of pathology request forms on which a diagnosis of the specimen was attempted by doctors in the intervention group compared to those in the control group. The results of this study indicate that whilst significant improvements in knowledge are achievable through postgraduate programmes, clinical practice is much

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper aims to show what choices (both personal and professional) the many women who achieve National Health Service (NHS) consultant status make, and how some of the factors that affect this also influence merit awards. Over 2200 women and 200 men holding consultant contracts within the NHS were asked (through an anonymous postal questionnaire) about the personal choices they had made and other factors that had influenced their career. Findings from the 1654 respondents show that women reach consultant grade at about the same time as their male contemporaries, but are more likely to be in anaesthetics, radiology, pathology or psychiatry. Many women choose these specialities because they fit best with family commitments. The remaining women are more likely to work in the female‐orientated specialities of paediatrics and obstetrics and gynaecology than other medical or surgical specialities. They are less likely to receive a merit awar

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo factors have caused major changes in the gender composition of the Israeli medical profession in recent years: (i) a wave of immigration from the former USSR, which increased the doctor population by approximately 70% and which included a majority of women physicians, and (ii) the entry of more Israeli women into medical school. This report presents the current gender status of the Israeli medical profession, regarding students and physicians, and the choice of medical specialty and academic seniority, and compares gender differences in Israel with those in other countries.Traditional patterns of specialization persist in Israel, with women still concentrated in primary care (family medicine, paediatrics and psychiatry). In addition, women still face obstacles in entering the more prestigious (mainly surgical) specialties. Whilst the number of women in academic medicine has increased over the last decade, women are still concentrated in the lowest echelons of academic medicine. However, the steady trend towards the feminization of medicine will inevitably lead to an increase of women in all areas of the medical profession. Because cross‐cultural studies have repeatedly revealed that women doctors have a more humanistic and personalized approach to patient care, a higher ratio of women in the profession should have a qualitative effect in this direction, despite the bureaucratic and fiscal constraints incumbent upon practising doctors. As more women become role models for medical students, their approach will influence the education of the doctors of the futur

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID