ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Kuwait has a comprehensive and well‐structured health care system. However, to deliver such care the country relies on expatriate medical doctors. This paper attempts to discuss the sociocultural influences on the training of Kuwaiti medical doctors and their specialty choices in order to gauge future requirements of the Kuwaiti Health Service

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A comparison of 121 mature‐age and 270 normal‐age entrants who graduated from the University of Queensland Medical School between 1972 and 1987 shows that mature‐age entrants are some 7 years older, are more likely to come from public (state) schools and less likely to have parents in professional/ technical occupations. Otherwise, the two groups were similar in terms of gender, marital status, number of children, ethnic background and current practice location. The educational background of mature‐age entrants prior to admission includes 44.6% with degrees in health‐science areas and 31.4% with degrees in non‐health areas. Reasons for delayed entry of mature‐age entrants include late consideration of medicine as a career (34.7%), financial problems (31.4%), dissatisfaction with previous career (30.6%), poor academic results (19.8%), or a combination of the above factors. Motivations to study medicine include family influences (more so in normal‐age entrants), altruistic reasons (more so in mature‐age entrants) and a variety of personal/social factors such as intellectual satisfaction, prestige and financial security (similar for both groups) and parental expectations (more so in normal‐age entrants). Mature‐age entrants experienced greater stress throughout the medical course, especially with regard to financial difficulties, loneliness/isolation from the students and family problems (a greater proportion were married with children). While whole‐course grades were similar in both groups, normal‐age entrants tended to win more undergraduate honours/prizes and postgraduate diplomas/degrees, including specialist qualifications. Practice settings were similar in terms of group private practice, hospital/clinic practice or medical administration, but there was a greater proportion of mature‐age entrants in solo private practice, and a smaller proportion in teaching/ research. If given the time over, some two‐thirds of both groups would choose medicine as a career. Reasons for job satisfaction include helping patients, intellectual stimulation and financial rewards. Reasons for dissatisfaction include pressure of work, red‐tape/paperwork, ‘doctor‐bashing’, long working hours, emotional strain, financial pressure, unfulfilled career expectations and irrit

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Eight computer‐assisted instructions were developed concerning selected topics in human gross anatomy. The computer lessons were designed to be very flexible in terms of the selection of material to be presented and make extensive use of colour graphics to explain the anatomy. Voluntary testing with immediate and cumulative feedback is incorporated into the lessons so that the users can evaluate their own progress in mastering the subject material. In an effort to assess the value of the computer lessons, the programs were provided to a volunteer group of 48 first‐year medical students from a class of 151 students. At the completion of the gross anatomy course, the student users were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire regarding their impressions of the value of the computer lessons. In addition, test performance on multiple choice examinations was compared between the users of the computer‐assisted instructions and their non‐user classmates. The responses in the questionnaires revealed a very positive attitude regarding the value and usefulness of the computer‐assisted instructions in learning human gross anatomy. The overall rating of the programs on a scale of 1.0 to 10.0 was 1.8 ± 1.0 with 1.0 representing ‘extremely helpful’ and 10.0 being ‘of no value’. A comparison of test scores showed no significant difference in test performance between the users of the computer‐assisted instructions and the non‐users. The results of the study suggest that while the computer lessons provide neither an advantage nor a disadvantage in test performance as evaluated by a multiple choice examination, students perceive the computer‐assisted instructions as valuable educational tools in mastering the subject of human gross anatomy. The potential role of the computer‐assisted instructions in curriculu

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The purpose of this paper is to present results of initial experience with a clinical reasoning task which assesses two clearly defined aspects of clinical problem solving. Fourteen senior and 40 junior medical students at the University of Michigan Medical School participated in this study. They were given three clinical reasoning problems — the hypothesis generation and testing tasks (HG&T). As suggested by the name, two specifically defined components of clinical problem‐solving, developing the initial hypotheses or differential and then testing hypotheses, were evaluated by these tasks. The findings of this study indicate that hypothesis generation and testing can be reliably evaluated with between seven and ten tasks. The results of this study suggest that reliable assessments of specific components of clinical problem‐solving can be deve

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The design and uses of an innovative technology‐based approach which addresses critical problems with bedside teaching during ward rounds in the current health care situation are described. A cardiology patient simulator (HARVEY) and an accompanying computer‐based interactive laserdisk system provide medical students, house officers and other health professionals with the opportunity to encounter a wide variety of clinical problems for learning and assessment. A group of cardiologists and medical educators from a consortium of US medical schools has guided the development and formal assessment of the entire system over the past 10 years. The system and simulator can be configured and programmed to provide appropriate heart sounds, laboratory data, and test results upon request; hands‐on experience to practise examination skills is also available. The system, whole or in part, can be used in a variety of instructional modes from self‐instruction to demonstration teaching, and from self‐assessment to the final clinical examination. The system's effectiveness for teaching medical clerks is summarized, as is its use in providing continuing education for primary care doctors in rural

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The increasing occurrence of outpatient medical care has led to the need for more and better medical education in the clinic. The Wisconsin Inventory of Clinic Teaching (WICT) was developed to improve the teaching of attending doctors in a general internal medicine clinic. The items on the inventory were derived from interviews with residents and attending doctors. The inventory was shown to have validity, and to be reliable with internal consistency correlations. We found an interesting disparity between attending doctors’ and residents’ expectations concerning clinical teaching. The instrument is in use as part of a teaching improvement programme for attending doctors in a general internal medicine cli

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The objective of the following survey was to attempt to establish to what extent the undergraduates in medical schools in the UK were being exposed to structured teaching of disability and rehabilitation (i.e. seminars, lectures, group discussions). A questionnaire and covering letter were sent to 25 medical schools exploring how the teaching was performed and whether it utilized the active involvement of disabled people and/or their carers. It also attempted to ascertain the degree of interdisciplinary teaching occurring. Results showed that rheumatology, general practice and geriatrics were predominantly responsible for this teaching, with little structured teaching in ENT and ophthalmology. Five schools (25%) reported back that no structured teaching was occurring in any department. As expected, there was a larger proportion of positive responses on opportunistic teaching (ward rounds, outpatients).Additional invited comments on the questionnaire revealed a variety of innovative activities taking place in different medical schools. It is recognized that a questionnaire of this nature has limitations; nevertheless, it did reveal gaps in the teaching of disability and rehabilitation, with several responses indicating that excess pressure on the curriculum from other subjects left little or no space at the present time. Our survey suggests that disability and rehabilitation are given insufficient emphasis in undergraduate teaching. In particular, more active involvement of patients and their carers should be encouraged. The small proportion of schools which teach rehabilitation as a defined specialty no doubt reflects the inadequate academic structure at present in this field.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Teaching medical ethics in Manchester within the introductory course of obstetrics and gynaecology is a joint activity with the Centre for Social Ethics and Policy. This interdisciplinary teaching has evolved through lecture sessions with small‐group discussions dealing with topics of interest in human reproduction. The small‐group discussions have been replaced by an open debate conducted by the students. Their own involvement and participation and an exposure to the disciplines of the humanities has broadened their approach to different ways of problem‐solving of these real i

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The satisfaction of pre‐registration house officers with the operation of, and outcome of participation in, their medical school's allocation scheme for house officer posts was investigated by postal questionnaire. Satisfaction with outcome was generally high. Significant differences are reported between medical schools in participation rates in allocation schemes and in satisfaction with the operation of the schemes. The operation of the ranking schemes used at Guy's and St Bartholomew's Hospitals is shown to be significantly less satisfactory. Reasons for these findings are examine

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID