ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA sample of first‐year medical students from the University of New South Wales was interviewed to determine the students’ reasons for studying Medicine, their career aspirations and their views, in prospect, of the medical course and medical practice. There were some differences, in general responses, between men and women. In general the interviews revealed that at this stage of their careers the students were motivated to a high degree by humanitarian concerns.Recent criticisms of the outcomes of medical education have featured concerns that graduating doctors do not demonstrate sufficient ability to relate to patients on a personal level or to take a holistic approach to care. Some medical educators and community spokesmen have attributed this to the selection system which, based solely on academic merit, chooses students with high academic ability and according to some critics, low social abilities and awareness. The results of this study indicate that such assumptions are false and that undesirable attitudes said to be present in graduating doctors do not appear to be present in the early stages of medical educat

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA system, in which more advanced students provide guidance to small groups of first‐year students with respect to the educational programme, problems students may encounter in studying medicine and with respect to the living circumstances associated with going to medical school, and which has been operating for 14 years, is described. Each group consists of ten first‐year students and two advanced students, called mentors, and meets about once every fortnight to discuss questions that come up among the first‐year students. The mentors receive some professional training in the field of group psychology.This system has now operated for 14 years, and therefore may be regarded as evidence that it meets real needs of students entering medical s

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryScores on nineteen pre‐admission and post‐admission performance variables for four classes of medical students were analysed using canonical correlation and regression methods. Detailed interviews with 138 clinical preceptors were included among the criterion variables. National Board Part I scores could be predicted readily from conventional data such as Medical College Admission Test scores and grade point average. However, these same predictors generally correlated negatively with measures of clinical performance. Evidence supports pre‐admission interviews and careful analysis of letters of recommendation as useful predictors of the clinical performance vari

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryEighteen tutors appointed to the Department of General Practice at Dundee were visited. They provided information for a study to determine the degree of their involvement in the Department. A structured questionnaire standardized the interview and the results are described. The study showed a considerable level of success in integrating this group of practitioners into the teaching activities of the Department. Results also suggested that some educational objectives were not clearly defined, and surprisingly there appeared to be an underuse of this group of motivated teachers.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA field work project was conducted in Khulais villages by the Department of Community Medicine, Riyadh Faculty of Medicine, in February 1977. The project involved jointly Riyadh University and the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health, as well as other organizations. Over a 10‐day period, twenty‐five students of the fourth‐year medical class under the supervision of seven members of the staff studied health problems and rendered selected health services to the community.Project activities included a study of a sample of 280 schoolchildren by clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and selected laboratory investigations; a house‐to‐house survey; a study of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis and malaria; immunization of pre‐school children; a health education programme and an evaluation of the health centre's activities.The main objective was to give the students an appreciation of the need for team‐work in approaching community health and help to cultivate their interest in community medicine as an appli

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe evolution of clinical reasoning in medical students was studied. A cross‐sectional sample consisted of randomly‐selected medical students from three classes. Additionally, twenty‐two students were observed at yearly intervals from the preclerkship period to the first post‐graduate year. Subjects were observed in a clinical examination of a simulated patient, and their thought processes were abstracted from a ‘stimulated recall’ of the videotaped encounter.The data were transcribed and coded for computer analysis, yielding several variables characterizing the clinical reasoning process, and four measures of outcome of the encounter. Analysis of variance of differences between students at various educational levels and a doctor criterion group indicated that the majority of the process variables were unrelated to educational level. By contrast, diagnostic and management outcomes were positively related to education. The single process variable which was related to both educational level and outcome was an ‘hypothesis aggregate score’, a measure of the content of the student's diagnostic hypotheses.The results of the study indicate that the problem‐solving or clinical reasoning process remains relatively constant from medical school entry to practice. This observation has important implications for clinical teachi

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA card game concerning the assessment and management of patients involved in medical emergencies was constructed for use by medical students who were beginning Year 3 of a 5‐year curriculum. Particular emphasis was placed on the identification by the student of priorities for action and the justification for decisions made on the basis of underlying mechanisms. Our aim was to help the student sharpen his problem‐solving skills in situations where decisions may have to be made and interventions undertaken before information gathering is complete. The game is simple in construct and may be played by individuals or groups. It has a major advantage over other forms of problem presentation in that the student can select and document his own decision‐making pathway with minimal cueing and he may compare his pathway with that of the experts at the end of the game. Students and tutors found this approach enjoyable and realistic and considered the game a useful tool in our problem solving curri

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryIn 1979 a research methods seminar for health professionals in Sierra Leone was conducted as part of an international medical education collaborative project between Sierra Leone, Canada, the United Kingdom and the European Economic Community. The aim of the seminar was to promote research and inquiry into national health problems. Planning and administration was conducted by Sierra Leone with Canada providing teaching materials and four tutors. Twenty‐seven participants attended the seminar. Participants prepared research protocols prior to the seminar which they developed and refined during the 7 days of the workshop. Using a problem‐based method Sierra Leonean health problems were used as the focus to teach epidemiological and biostatistical methods. The seminar was evaluated on the basis of a number of parameters. There was 89% attendance at the nineteen sessions. Twenty‐one of the twenty‐seven participants presented protocols at the final evaluation session. Self‐evaluation of protocols showed improvement in most aspects but particularly in research design, methods of data gathering, analysis and ethical aspects. An opinion survey of participants showed the seminar to be viewed positively. Twelve months later six participants had submitted their protocols for funding of whom four were successful. A further seminar has been conducted in which Sierra Leoneans participated as co‐tutors. This seminar format has been presented as an effective means of providing professional assistance from one country

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA survey of American chief residents¶in psychiatric training centres was carried out to assess how these training programmes gathered feedback on teacher effectiveness and programme content. The chief resident in each programme was asked to report how his or her department elicited information from their residents about course and teacher quality. Responses from 184 training centres in the United States were obtained and accounted for 75% of the existing centres. Fifty questionnaires were returned with the survey results and were analysed. The seven factors of clinical teacher effectiveness previously described in the literature were used to evaluate these questionnaires. The majority lacked consistent coverage of the teaching factors with the percentages of questionnaires covering a specific behaviour as follows: teacher organization, 58%; instructor knowledge, 42%; group interactional skills, 42%; instructor enthusiasm, 30%; clinical supervision skills, 25%; display of professional characteristics, 19%; and clinical competence, 17%

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID