ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Third‐year medical students in Birmingham sat two examinations at times varying from 10 days apart to the same day. The influence of the proximity of two examinations on performance in the second examination is explored, together with other influences on examination performance. The sex of the student is the most significant discriminating factor, but proximity of examinations also affects marks in the second examination. We recommend, as did Birmingham students 10 years ago, that examinations should be separated by at least 5 day

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.An elective course titled ‘Teaching in Medicine’ was given to eight third‐year medical students in response to the policy of the University of British Columbia medical school to expand its elective offerings. Course objectives focused on the skills that doctors need to fulfil their role of teacher of patients, students or colleagues. Instructional methods included directed reading, group discussions, microteaching, evaluation of videotaped samples of teacher behaviour, role play, demonstration and practice in developing and using audiovisual materials, and analysis of research in teaching and learning in medicine. The course culminated in each student presenting a major teaching session which was videotaped and assessed by the student and course teachers. All students rated the course as excellent. This paper describes the course and the teacher and student perceptions of it. The experience of this medical school is that a course of this nature is extremely worth

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Medical students in Germany do not usually have a strong enough basis in physics to understand the mechanical and fluid dynamic problems involved in the physiology of the circulation. To alleviate this situation we developed a circulation model for use in laboratory courses in physiology. The following parameters can be varied: stroke volume, heart rate, systemic filling pressure, compliance of the arterial system (Windkessel), and total peripheral resistance. Arterial and venous pressure are recorded as a function of time. The following points are worked out by the students by adjusting the parameters of the model and by calculation: static equilibrium, transient and steady state in flow, compliance of the arterial and venous system, arteriovenous pressure difference, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, regulation of cardiac output, pulse pressure amplitude, volume stored periodically in the arterial Windkessel, diastolic pressure decay of arterial pressure, diagnosis of arterial hypertension at different Windkessel compliances.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A frame‐based computer‐aided learning system for use on microcomputers has been developed for teaching clinical chemistry. The system presents a case‐study model that can be used by students to assess their ability to make a diagnosis, to select patterns of investigations and to institute trea

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In view of low admission rate to medical schools, a large number of applicants are rejected annually. This population is denied the fulfilment of its occupational goal and must decide either to reapply to medical school or to choose a different occupational path.The present study focused on the possible career paths of rejected applicants, their persistence in reapplication and eventual admittance. The closeness to medicine of the alternative career was examined by two dimensions: the situs and the status. The career paths were viewed with respect to pre‐admission cognitive criteria and occupational status of the alternative choices as compared to medicine. The study's random sample comprised one‐third of the unaccepted applicants to the Tel‐Aviv University School of Medicine for the 1970 academic year. The research follow‐up (n= 208) of the applicants was conducted in 1981.The results showed a strong determination on the part of the unaccepted applicants to persist in their choice of medicine: 59% of the subjects reapplied and graduated from medical school either in Israel or in other countries. This group was found to be significantly more persistent in its number of reapplications than subjects who turned to an alternative career path. Thus, persistence was rewarding. When an alternative occupation was chosen, the tendency was towards careers unrelated to medicine but with a similarly high occupational status. No significant differences were found in the pre‐admission cognitive criteria between those who studied medicine and those who chose an alternative career. Motivation and determination seemed to be the dominant factors in the attainment of one's choice of medicine as a p

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Basing the prediction of student performance in medical school on intellective‐cognitive abilities alone has proved to be more pertinent to academic achievement than to clinical practice. A major obstacle to the development of adequate measures has been the elusive nature of requirements for successful clinical performance. The present study aimed at defining the relevant variables through an analysis of the concept of the medical student held by supervising doctors.With the aid of a methodology derived from cognitive‐social psychology, the components of how training doctors of a large medical school evaluate their students were first explicated in structured interviews. In a second phase of the research, 18 supervisors in five major clinical departments rated their student‐supervisees on 15 obtained traits.Findings of trait correlations with an overall evaluation, as well as Guttman's ‘Smallest Space Analysis’ (1968), indicated a clear priority of cognitive‐motivational traits in supervisors’ judgements and reduced relevance of personal and interpersonal variables. Certain inconsistencies between avowed ideology of medical training and actual supervising practice coul

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Growth into a professional role requires absorption of knowledge, the learning of skills and the adoption of behavioural patterns and values which are part of a particular profession. In sociological literature this is described as the socialization/professionalization process. In this article the research literature which describes the process is reviewed. However, apart from the many positive aspects of adjusting and conforming, there are also more negative developments in the learning behaviour and attitudes of the future doctor. The Department of Medical Psychology in Amsterdam has structured its teaching programme—in part—to overcome or to decrease such tendencies. This article deals with those parts of the course which attempt to influence medical students’ interviewing and interpersonal skills. Research into the effects of this teaching points to a marginal influence in both areas. The author looks for explanations for this, in the light of the research literature. In conclusion, the direction is indicated which could further increase the influence of the medical psychology course on future do

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Previous studies have been reported suggesting that a population of candidates for specialty board certification can be identified who pass the certification examination but who give an unduly high number of ‘dangerous’ responses, indicating their acceptance of actively harmful actions. To confirm these results, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of a Subspecialty Board of Nephrology certification examination. Experts identified a subtest of 75 dangerous answers. The performance of candidates on this subtest was compared with their performance on the total examination. The subtest was moderately reliable, ranked criterion groups appropriately, had a correlation with the total test of 0.71, and using the standard used for the total examination, identified the certification status of 84% of candidates. However, when the correlation was corrected for unreliability, the correlation became 1.0, indicating that a dangerous answer subtest, at least in this examination and population, does not identify a unique population of certified but ‘dangerous’

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In Finland primary health care has a long historical background. The local communities, the state and the church have at various times and places been responsible for primary health care during the last few centuries. In 1972, a major reform took place when a new Primary Health Care Act came into force. In the same year two new medical faculties, at Kuopio and Tampere Universities, began to educate undergraduate medical students. In both of these new medical schools special attention was focused on the teaching of primary health care.Today practical teaching, which takes place at a primary health care centre, forms an important part of medical education at Kuopio University. This teaching of undergraduate students is part of the regular duties of general practitioners and public health nurses in the primary health care centres of eastern Finland that have agreed to collaborate in the teaching programme. The main principles are presented for the teaching programme in primary health care at the University of Kuopio.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID