ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study was undertaken to investigate the apparently widespread belief that in order to be successful at medical school, aspiring candidates must have a sound academic background based predominantly on the study of the natural sciences, be school‐leavers aged about 18 (in the non‐college educational environments such as Australia or the United Kingdom) and preferably be men. The demographic background and prior academic achievement of individual students entering the University of Newcastle Medical School between 1978 and 1989 has been reviewed and compared with their progress in medical studies. The data show that in the Newcastle medical school environment there is no significant correlation between outcome and previous study of any of the natural sciences. However, significant correlations between outcome and performance in the humanities in general, and English in particular, were found. In this regard a weak background in these subjects correlated with an increased tendency not to complete the medical course. There were no significant correlations found between outcome and age at entry, sex or levels of prior academic achievement (within the top 10% achievement band studied). In summary, the study offers no support for the current selection criteria dominating medical school admissions proces

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study compared the communication skills of randomly chosen first‐and final year medical students. The intention was to follow up previous research, conducted over 10 years ago, into the effects of the medical curriculum on communication skills. It was hypothesized that there would be little improvement in such skills over the period of training, with the possibility that the final‐year students might be less caring, empathic and supportive, more directive, and less concerned with psychosocial information. All students interviewed a simulated patient in the role of a mother of a child with cerebral palsy, where the main problems were psychological and social. The interviews were recorded on videotape and analysed by an independent observer for the presence or absence of a set of communication behaviours considered important in facilitating an effective relationship and in the exploration and understanding of the problem. The results failed to support the hypotheses. The final‐year students were superior to their juniors on several measures, indicating improvements in relating to the patient in a caring, empathic, facilitative and listening manner. They also elicited more information relevant to the problem. The indications were that these final‐year students were more skilled than in earlier studies, suggesting that the general change in attitudes to communications skills and the limited, but increased input into the curriculum may be having effect, even though there remains a need for considerably more t

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.An education programme in which preclinical medical students are introduced to common procedural skills is described. This programme is presented by a multidisciplinary health care team using short lectures, demonstrations, mannequin practice, and, in selected instances, practice on class‐mate volunteers. The programme was evaluated by the students immediately following the presentation and for one class during their clinical activities one year later. The students' support for this programme was generally enthusiastic and remained undiminished upon reflection 12 months late

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A representative group of 33 medical students who were entering the junior year clerkships was tested for retention and recall of clinical information 3 months after taking an examination on the same subject. The students were not given an opportunity to review the subject. On 39 identical multiple choice test questions, the students' mean score declined 10 percentile points (P<0.05) from that on the original examination. On 40 comparable but previously unseen questions, the mean score fell 19 percentile points from that attained 3 months earlier. On open‐ended questions of clinical reasoning, a third component of the assessment, the students performed at a level similar to those on the two multiple choice tests, but with greater variability. These assessments give data on retention and recall that have not previously been reported in the literature. Correlations among individual test components were moderate (r= 0.52‐0.63). There was inconsistency of individual students in scores on the component tests, and, thus, variability in performance by students was marked. Retention and recall were weakly predicted by results on an initial multiple choice examination. In addition, on a subsequent assessment of knowledge, results from different types of tests were inconsistent, suggesting that these tests evaluate different forms of compete

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper reports on second‐year medical students' views and performance on the written reports for the cases that were studied in a case‐based learning programme in anatomy at the University of Otago in 1988. The mean marks for the reports for the three main categories of student entry are presented. Differential performance on the written reports relative to the case‐based component of the examination held at the end of the year has been determined for each student in the class and ranked in order. The proportions of students falling in the top and bottom quartiles for the class are given. The data taken together indicate that with an intensive programme of case‐based learning in 1988, optimal performance in the written reports was reached at an early stage by the graduates whereas the two undergraduate categories improved their performance towards the end of the pr

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Traditional educational methods are used in most medical schools. The introduction of new methods including active and problem‐solving learning in traditional medical schools is difficult. The aims of this experiment were: (1) to introduce a self‐learning system with a problem‐solving approach in physiology; (2) to promote active student participation; (3) to introduce early clinical exposure; (4) to evaluate the response of the students to this experiment; and (5) to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of a self‐learning and problem‐solving approach in only one discipline. Our experience has shown that it is possible to change the learning system in a traditional medical school, with good acceptance by the students and with a high level of satisfaction on the part of the

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The hospice movement has admirably improved management of the dying under its care. However, the majority of medical care of the terminally and chronically ill remains in the hands of practitioners outside hospices and is often open to criticism. This paper reviews the philosophy and practice of palliative medicine from the perspective of general practice and the shortcomings of present medical education in this area. Proposals are made for a radical shift in medical undergraduate teaching through an organized interdepartmental contribution by enthusiastic teachers to all years in training.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper describes the efforts of the Department of Family and Community Health at Sultan Qaboos University in providing opportunities for the development of ‘hands‐on’ problem‐solving skills appropriate for Oman. The curriculum of the Department is discussed, highlighting the unusual emphasis of this discipline in both the preclinical and clinical curriculum of the College of Medicine. The importance of continuous assessment and supervision of students is discussed. Course‐work in the preclinical curriculum of the Department is kept to a minimum. Field‐work forms an important part of preclinical training, where application and problem‐based learning arc emphasized. During the clinical years the students are exposed to an integrated series of lectures and practicals covering core knowledge in clinical medicine. Practical clinical training, over a total period of 15 weeks, takes place at a variety of sites where common problems in primary health care in Oman are handled by students unde

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID