ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The Permanent Working Group of European Junior Hospital Doctors' Policy Statement on Postgraduate Medical Education reviewed the regulations governing postgraduate training in the European Communities and set out educational principles which the Group believed were applicable in all medical disciplines. Recognizing that the training of general practitioners poses some specific problems, the PWG has adopted this further statement on training in general practice. It reaffirms the need for trainees to have a model of good practice, extensive experience, theoretical teaching, critical scrutiny and regular, unambiguous feedback regarding progress. In addition, it argues for the availability of an appropriate number of posts for GP trainees both in hospitals and in practices and an awareness among hospital‐based trainers of the educational needs of trainees who intend a career in general practic

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper reports on a study of approaches to learning of undergraduate medical students in the University of Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The Lancaster Approaches to Studying Inventory was translated into Indonesian and the translated form pilot tested. The instrument was then completed by 90 students, 30 each in first, second and fifth year in the Faculty of Medicine. It was found that Indonesian students generally gave higher rates than previous studies have reported. Factor analysis of their responses showed strong resemblances to other groups in the factors of meaning and reproducing orientation. Differences found in Indonesian students' responses were in strategic and non‐academic orientations. There were differences between the response patterns of first‐, third‐ and fifth‐year students. It is concluded that the instrument is valid for use in In

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A prospective randomized trial was conducted to see if student performance in a combined multiple choice and objective structured clinical examination was better following a period of structured clinical teaching compared with traditional bedside teaching. Student groups were crossed over in a second phase of the experiment to allow the two teaching techniques to be compared sequentially in the same group. There was no significant difference between the two teaching techniques as measured by performance in a criterion‐referenced examination. The results of the study led to modification of the curriculum for third‐year introductory surgical studies to incorporate both teaching strategies, which are regarded as complementary in va

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was modified to serve as a means of self‐assessment and learning, rather than as an examination. The main modifications were to adapt it for use by small groups instead of individuals, and to provide a correct answer or other feedback at each station. The resulting group OSCE (GOSCE) was used as an introductory session in two residential refresher courses for general practitioners. The 300 participants rated it highly as a method of self‐assessment and as an enjoyable social event. Four potential applications of the GOSCE are suggested: as an assessment instrument for formative and informal summative assessment, as a resource for learning about interpersonal and interprofessional relationships, and as a framework for problem‐based short co

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Psychiatric practice involves complex thinking patterns. In addition to commanding a huge number of facts, the student must learn to manipulate factual knowledge to solve diagnostic problems, develop treatment plans, and critically evaluate those plans. This study demonstrates an empirical method for evaluating the level of cognitive processes tested in multiple choice examinations. Use of Bloom's taxonomy in evaluating test items demonstrated the majority of test items on a psychiatry clerkship examination and a resident in‐training examination fell into the most basic cognitive level, that of simple recall. The utility of Bloom's taxonomy is discussed along with implications for medical educatio

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Supervised role‐play is presented as a method for teaching the process of the medical consultation. The process of the consultation is reviewed and a brief description of supervised role‐play is given with some of its advantages and disadvantages. Some simple devices used in the method are explained with examples. The ‘living’ nature of the consultation is emphasized and an active method of teaching is ad

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The objective of this study was to determine the extent of medical students' experience of death and dying. A questionnaire was given to two groups of Birmingham medical students at the beginning of clinical studies (third year) and in the final year which was designed to estimate their experience of death and of dying people. The questionnaire also explored the students' attitudes to their own future deaths. Questionnaires were returned by 119 third‐year and 143 final‐year students. Students had little experience of death and what they did have was largely acquired before entry to medical school or in their social rather than medical lives. Where they did have experience of death this was often traumatic and there was little chance for them to have counselling about it. There is need for increased teaching about death and dying particularly before clinical training and at the time of graduation. Another time may be at the beginning of human dissect

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In the first part of this study a comparison is made between the approaches to studying adopted by failing and achieving nursing college students. It is concluded that failing students manifest approaches to studying that are, in some respects, conceptually difficult to interpret. This conclusion is presented against a background of similar findings that have emanated from other recent studies on student learning.The second part of this study investigates the influence of contextual perceptions on the manifestation of the approaches to studying adopted by achieving students. In thus exploring the manifestation of different forms of contextualized approaches to studying (which are referred to as study orchestrations) a distinction is made between the influences attributable to ‘conventional’ and ‘clinical’ sets of contextual variables. In an extension of previously reported studies, it is concluded that the combined set of these contextual variables explains significantly more of the variation in study approaches than the set of ‘conventional’ variables. It is further concluded that, under the influence of an extended set of contextual variables, conceptually related, but differing forms, of study orchestration may be manifested; a general form which is readily interpretable in terms associated with ‘conventional’ academic contextual variables and a clinical form which, in the present study, is associated specifically with a nursing academic environment. The implications of these conclusions for nursing education are discussed and areas for future researc

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study evaluates the impact of a training programme in communications skills on subsequent diagnostic efficiency. Videotaped history‐taking interviews conducted by groups of specially trained and control groups of students were rated for their diagnostic efficiency by two medical practitioners. Students in the trained group had shown greatly increased skills in interviewing and interpersonal effectiveness as a result of their training.A comparison of ratings given by the two experimentally naive, independent observers revealed that trained students were significantly better at eliciting full, relevant data from patients — they were diagnostically more efficient, but took no longer than their control group counterparts to elicit the information.Further research with the medical interview rating scale will clarify the skills required of medical students in interviewing and diagnosis and facilitate remedial training for students who show poor interview ski

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID