摘要:

This brief overview outlines recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of cell population size, focusing on some important developments in cell cycle control and the recognition of the importance of growth arrest and cell death. Histopathologists, and others with an interest in tissue architecture, have much to offer to those who study the biochemical and molecular processes of proliferation, growth arrest and cell death, and these processes are unlikely to be understood simply by analysis ofin vitrosystems and cell lines. Such biochemical and histological information may well feed back into clinical medicine in terms of new approaches and techniques, new reagents and new paradigms. With regard to the application of measures of proliferation, growth arrest and cell death as prognostic factors or other diagnostic tools, we are sceptical. Methods for assessing cell proliferation seem unlikely to be implemented widely in practice since there is little direct evidence that they are really an improvement on conventional histological assessment, optimally employed. But, there again, we may be proved wrong! In particular, it may be that, if carefully employed, assays that integrate information about death, growth arrest and proliferation may be clinically valuable.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study the distribution patterns of various extracellular matrix components and their receptors (i.e. β1 integrins) in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas were examined and compared to those in reactive lymphoid tissue. Neoplastic follicles within follicular lymphomas showed similar patterns to that observed in reactive follicles, which appeared to be strongly associated with the presence of follicular dendritic cells. Diffuse lymphomas of low and intermediate malignancy grade revealed features comparable to those of interfollicular areas of reactive lymphoid tissue, irrespective to which compartment the tumour cells were related. Highly malignant lymphomas, however, displayed unique extracellular matrix configurations, resulting from active matrix degradation by macrophages; this may support rapid tumour growth. Extranodal lymphomas showed virtually the same matrix patterns as their nodal counterparts, suggesting that (malignant) lymphoid cells generate (at least partly) their own specific microenvironment. In reactive lymphoid tissue β1 integrins were mainly found on resident cells and except for α4, α5 (and β1) the lymphoid cells expressed very little, if any, β1 integrins. In comparison, expression of these integrins on lymphoma cells was reduced (follicular lymphomas) or could not be detected at all (diffusely growing lymphomas); this might contribute to the growth pattern and metastatic properties of th

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six cases of hydatidiform mole associated with normal chorionic villi and a normal embryo/fetus (in five cases) were investigated with interphase cytogenetic and DNA cytometric analyses for diagnostic purposes. DNA probes specific for the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and X and for the long arm of chromosome Y were used. In four cases a dizygotic twin pregnancy could be proven. In these cases, the histologically normal chorionic villi showed an XY DNA‐diploid pattern, consistent with a normal male conceptus, and the molar chorionic villi a XX pattern. In the other two cases an identical sex chromosomal pattern was found in the normal and in the molar villi (XX/XX and XY/XY respectively). In all six cases the molar placental tissues showed prominent trophoblastic hyperplasia with DNA‐polyploidy, consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole. In two cases persistent gestational trophoblastic disease developed. It is emphasized that twin pregnancies composed of a normal conceptus and a complete mole have a relatively high risk for the development of persistent trophoblastic disease and therefore, should be carefully differentiated from triploid partial moles with a relatively low risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease. These case reports indicate that additional interphase cytogenetic and DNA cytometric analyses are useful in this differential diagno

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to better understand the potential malignancy of renal neoplasms arising in patients with acquired renal cystic disease and to try and establish differences from other renal tumours we analysed DNA ploidy as well as the level of S‐phase fraction in 11 neoplasms associated with acquired cystic disease by means of flow cytometry. The results were correlated with known prognostic factors such as nuclear grade, size and stage, as well as the clinical behaviour of the tumours. We found a close relationship between DNA aneuploidy and high S‐phase fraction and a poor clinical outcome. We also found some differences in the DNA ploidy profile of these tumours when compared with those reported in other renal neopla

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anaplastic choroid plexus carcinoma is a tumour with a predilection for the posterior fossa of infants and can be difficult to distinguish histologically from medulloblastoma without the aid of immunocytochemistry using a panel of antibodies. Of a series of 17 choroid plexus carcinomas (five of which were classed as moderately differentiated and 12 as anaplastic) 17 expressed antigens to transthyretin, transferrin and cathepsin and 16 expressed carbonic anhydrase II. Eleven expressed at least one epithelial marker (cytokeratin or epithelial membrane antigen). In contrast, none of six medulloblastomas expressed epithelial markers, transrythetin, carbonic anhydrase II or transferrin, though three were positive with antibodies to cathepsin.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐eight cases of mixed tumour of the skin were studied and subclassified into three types: eccrine (1 case), indeterminate (7), and apocrine type (20). The indeterminate type was defined as mixed tumours having tubulo‐alveolar patterns with two layers of epithelium, but without apocrine secretion or pilosebaceous differentiation. Enzyme‐histochemical studies were performed on four cases (one indeterminate, three apocrine): in the indeterminate type the tubular epithelial cells showed eccrine differentiation while in the apocrine type tubules were found showing the direction of differentiation to be toward the apocrine gland, but tubules with eccrine differentiation were intermingled in all three. Immunohistochemically, no differences were observed between the indeterminate and the apocrine type: hints of eccrine features were observed in both groups. Thus, the indeterminate type could be an eccrine tumour and the apocrine type showed direction of differentiation toward both eccrine and apocrine glands. It is concluded that mixed tumours of the skin are fundamentally eccrine neoplasmas, and that the apocrine features may represent apocrine metap

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The characteristic expression of keratins by keratinocytes is well documented. A typical ‘hyperproliferative’ profile of epidermal keratin expression occurs in psoriasis, wound healing and warts. This study analyses keratin expression in cutaneous lichen planus to determine abnormalities of differentiation occuring in this inflammatory disorder. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies 28 samples (20 patients) were studied. The results showed that squamous differentiation was unaffected, with keratins K1 and K10 being expressed normally for the site sampled. The main abnormalities included extension of reactivity of the basal cell marker, LH8, into the suprabasal compartment. Keratin K17, usually restricted to adnexal structures, was variably expressed in the basal and suprabasal layers of the interfollicular epithelium of affected epidermis. Keratins K6 and K16, found suprabasally in hyperproliferative states, were detected both basally and suprabasally in all diseased samples. The keratin profile in lichen planus is analogous to the wound healing response. Suprabasal keratin K17 is found in psoriasis, wound healing and viral warts so the changes in keratin K17 may reflect hyperproliferative changes. It is likely that the changes in epidermal keratin expression are due to up‐regulation of specific keratin genes by the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators from the lymphocytic infiltrate typical of lichen p

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and sixty‐eight cellular (‘infantile’) capillary haemangiomas were assessed for the presence of perineurial invasion, a feature that can lead to the erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. Fourteen tumours (8%) showed unequivocal, usually prominent, involvement of small and medium sized nerves. Eleven of these lesions presented in infants at birth or shortly thereafter, two in young adults and one in a middle‐aged adult. Ten patients were females. Ten of the lesions arose in the head and neck region, one in the arm, one in the chest wall, and in two the site was not stated. Follow‐up revealed a local recurrence in only one of six cases. Histologically, all cases were typical pure capillary haemangiomas composed of lobules of small blood vessels, lined by bland endothelial cells, involving the dermis, subcutis or both. One case was an intramuscular capillary haemangioma. Long‐standing cases, especially those in adults, were less cellular, with focal fibrosis and a myxoid stroma. Neural invasion was detected either in the centre or at the periphery of tumour lobules and was characterized by the presence of variable numbers of capillaries within the perineurium and in close contact with Schwann cells. This feature was highlighted by immunostaining for S‐100 protein and EMA. In one case, extensive invasion of medium‐sized deep dermal veins was also present, focally simulating an intravascular pyogenic granuloma. This study demonstrates that perineurial invasion in infantile capillary haemangiomas is a relatively common finding and should not be regarded as evidenc

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that tumour‐induced angiogenesis may be an important step in the evolution of malignant tumours, and may be related to prognosis. In our study we examined 42 cases of breast carcinoma (mean age: 56.76 ± 13.5), 21 with lymph node metastases and 21 without. Angiogenesis was evaluated after immunohistochemical staining of tumour vessels, using polyclonal antibody to factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR‐Ag) and counting of the three most active areas of neovascularization. In the same manner we counted the microvessels in lymph node metastases. The mean vessel count of node‐negative cases (51.16 ± 19.32) did not differ significantly from node‐positive cases (45.66 ± 17.44). In contrast patients younger than 50 years had much higher mean vessel counts (54.04 ± 16.47) than did patients older than 70 years (38.03 ± 16.73) producing aPvalue of ≤0.05. No association was found between tumour size and mean vessel count, nor was there any significant difference between grade I (45.94 ± 16.54), grade II (53.13 ± 23.22) and grade III tumours (51.71 ± 20.64). When we compared the mean vessel count of primary tumours with those of node metastases, we found much lower counts in the latter (P≤0.01). The differences in our results from previous studies, probably reflect the heterogeneity which exists between different tumours in their ability to induce angiogenesis. Additionally, there is some evidence in our study that angiogenesis is possibly related to patient age and probably depends on differences i

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a rare gastric tumour characterized morphologically by its hepatoid features and alpha‐fetoprotein production and which presented clinically with gastric haemorrhage. Gastric fibroscopy showed a bleeding tumour of the antrum. The microscopic appearance of the tumour showed two different patterns. The most extensive presented hepatoid features. The second pattern showed undifferentiated features. The tumour cells showed immunohistochemical positivity for alphafetoprotein, EMA and p53 protein; 37% were aneuploid with a DNA index of 1.46. The serum level of alphafetoprotein was not measured before the gastrectomy but after ten days it was elevated at 1070ng/ml. The patient died 6 months after the admission. This case provides, for the first time, information on the DNA content and the p53 expression of this unusual and aggressive variant of gastric adenocarcinom

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY