摘要:

Non‐cirrhotic, long‐standing portal hypertension of unknown aetiology is being re‐evaluated histopathologically and clinically. In this study, we examined 107 livers with this condition (92 wedge biopsy and 15 autopsy specimens) from five institutions in Japan. These cases were histologically categorized into four groups: idiopathic portal hypertension (66 cases), nodular regenerative hyperplasia (14 cases), partial nodular transformation (two cases), and incomplete septal cirrhosis (25 cases). These four groups shared several histological features: dense portal fibrosis with portal venous obliteration and intralobular slender fibrosis. In addition, the histopathological features characteristic of one group were also found to a mild degree in other groups. The histopathological lesions preceding portal venous obliteration remain speculative. However, the portal venous obliteration may be responsible for the occurrence of sustained portal hypertension and several of the pathological changes in these livers. It seems likely that idiopathic portal hypertension, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, partial nodular transformation and incomplete septal cirrhosis comprise a family of non‐cirrhotic, long‐standing portal hypertension in Japan, and the histological differences between them may reflect chronological progression of a singl

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-412.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a study of the organization of accessory cell populations, in normal mucosal lymphoid tissue from small intestine (8 cases), large intestine (6) and appendix (9) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera in paraffin‐embedded tissue. Two populations were identified in dome areas, one positive for acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor and HLA class II (WR18) only and the second positive for S‐100 protein, CD68, and WR18 and negative for acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor and factor XIIIa. Superficial colonic mucosal and small intestinal villous tip macrophages stained positively with CD68 and WR18 only, while deeper cryptal and submucosal populations exhibited additional positivity for factor XIIIa, but both populations were negative for acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor and S‐100 protein. Germinal centre macrophages were positive for CD68, WR18 and acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor and negative for factor XIIIa, and S‐100 protein. T zone dendritic cells included a population which stained positively for S‐100 protein, WR18 and were negative for factor XIIIa, CD68 and acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor, an immunophenotype typical of interdigitating dendritic reticulum cells. This distribution of phenotypically identifiable accessory cell subpopulations was apparent at all three sites examined. We suggest that the specialized subpopulations of dendritic cells staining for S‐100 protein and for acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor which are restricted to the dome areas, may have a potential role in the transfer of antigen across the epithelium to the germinal centres, while factor XIIIa appears to identify a tissue macrophage population with a potential role in stromal modulation distant from direct antige

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-417.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We present a study which describes the immunophenotype and distribution of accessory cells in 13 resections of terminal ileum from patients with Crohn's disease. A panel of antibodies working in paraffin‐embedded tissue was employed and these included PGM1 (CD68), S‐100 protein, WR18 (HLA class II), factor XIIIa and acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor. This study revealed a heterogeneity of accessory cell populations which was profoundly influenced by local inflammatory and repair mechanisms. Both acid cysteine proteinase activity and S‐100 protein positive cells are identified in more actively inflamed areas. The acid cysteine proteinase activity positive dendritic cell population was particularly numerous in ulcer bases. S‐100 protein positive dendritic cells had a more limited distribution in close proximity to the epithelium in inflamed but otherwise intact mucosa adjacent to the areas of ulceration. PGM1 revealed normal distribution of macrophages within histologically uninvolved areas and, in addition, also stained granulomas and large numbers of dendritic cells in the inflamed, ulcerated and scarred areas. Factor XIIIa positive dendritic cells were especially numerous in areas of active scarring where they co‐localized with PGM1 positive cells. They were largely absent from the more superficial ulcerated areas. HLA class II was strongly expressed on mononuclear inflammatory and dendritic cells. The strength of epithelial staining for HLA class II reflected the intensity of adjacent inflammation, except on ulcer‐associated epithelium which consistently showed up‐regulation independent of the severity of the inflammatory process. This study shows that localized alterations in the accessory cell distribution in Crohn's disease correlate with different states in the evolution of the inflammatory and repair process of the disease. The more acute lesions are associated with recruitment of acid cysteine proteinase activity and S‐100 protein positive dendritic cells while factor XIIIa stained dentritic cells are especially numerous in ar

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-416.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied in cryosections from human thyroid tissues. Normal tissue (4 cases), nodular goitre (12), toxic goitre (9), adenoma (9), follicular carcinoma (1), papillary carcinoma (7) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (1) were used for immunohistochemistry. Northern blot analysis was performed in two nodular goitres, three adenomas, two papillary carcinomas, one follicular carcinoma and the adjacent normal tissue in five cases as well as in two cell lines from anaplastic carcinomas. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity was detected in all tissues examined. The amount of EGFR mRNA did not differ between normal and abnormal tissues. However, the EGFR staining was weaker in normal thyroid tissue compared to the adjacent neoplastic areas suggesting an upregulation at the posttranslational level in the latter. A strong staining was also seen in hyperfunctioning thyroid glands. The EGFR location was mainly basal or basolateral in all thyroid tissues with normal histology and in toxic diffuse goitre. Pericellular and sometimes cytoplasmatic staining was seen in neoplastic tissues. In nodular goitre the staining was both basal, lateral and apical and varied in intensity. Our data suggest that a non‐polarized location of EGFR probably indicates a loss of the normal epithelial cell polarity and could be interpreted as an early sign of dedifferentiation. Furthermore, a role for the EGFR is proposed, not only in the development of thyroid neoplasias but also in goitre formatio

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-427.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen cases of massive ovarian oedema are presented. The age of patients averaged 26 years and 16 presented with an acute abdomen. Hormonal symptoms included virilism in three cases and one with precocious pseudopuberty. Ultrasonographic findings were variable and not diagnostically accurate. When performed, CA 125 levels were not raised. Seventy‐two percent of cases occurred in the right ovary and none were bilateral. Torsion occurred in 14 cases. Salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed in all cases.To elucidate its pathogenesis, be this either due to intermittent chronic torsion or to a proliferative phenomenon, immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67 and PCNA proliferation antigens, alpha‐actin and oestrogen and progesterone receptors was performed. The Ki‐67 proliferation index ranged between 0% and 3%, demonstrating the low proliferative status of stromal cells. The PCNA indices, however, were unusually high (60% and above). The divergence between these findings is explained by the fact that PCNA positivity may be related to nuclear reparation subsequent to ischaemia. Alpha‐actin was consistently positive in stromal cells, reflecting a myofibroblastic transformation of these cells. These findings together with the clinical evidence of torsion in the majority of cases, lead us to consider that ovarian oedema is a reactive, non‐proliferative state of specific stromal cells, occurring as a response to torsion and subsequent ischaemia. The stromal cells have positive oestrogen and progesterone receptors and may undergo stimulatory changes responsible for the hormonally related symptoms often found associated with massive o

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-420.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four endothelial cell markers, two selective cytokeratin markers and a monoclonal smooth muscle antibody (SMA) were employed in the assessment of 19 cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma classified according to their degree of tumour differentiation. No labelling was seen for SMA or with cytokeratin markers MNF116 and CBL170. Expression of factor VIII‐related antigen was seen in two tumours and positivity for CD34 (QBend 10 antibody) was found in four tumours. By contrast the pan‐endothelial cell marker Ulex europeaus agglutinin 1 (UEA‐1) and the CD31 marker JC70A labelled all cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma with the exception of one poorly differentiated tumour. These data confirm the endothelial cell origin of angiosarcoma, they demonstrate that CD31 and UEA1 are reliable markers in routinely processed tissue, and they suggest a lymphatic derivation for the tumour. This finding is in marked contrast to Kaposi‘s sarcoma where CD34 is the most reliable

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-411.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurement of the area of the tumour deposits present in routine sections from the axillary nodes from a series of 1069 breast cancer patients showed that 138 cases had a single micrometastasis (0.2 cm2or less), while in 29 a similar load was spread over two or more nodes. These 167 cases represent 15% of the patients in the series. Twenty‐five of them had died of breast cancer within a mean follow‐up of 6 years. They had smaller micrometastases than those surviving (P < 0.0025). Histological examination in the 138 with single micrometastases showed that two variants were present. In one, tumour growth was confined to the capsular lymphatics and/or the subcapsular sinus. In the other, tumour growth was present in the nodal lymphoid tissue, and, on occasion, at the other sites as well. Those with growth in the lymphoid tissue had a better prognosis than those without (P < 0.0035). Prognosis in the former was comparable to that in the node‐negative cases, while in those lacking such growth it was similar to that in the node‐positive. The presence of these two variants could explain divergent reports in the literature on prognosis in cases with micrometastases. While the mechanisms behind this apparent paradox remain speculative, the observation can be of diagnostic interest in routine s

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-415.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of 19 cases of carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma was studied for the immuno‐expression of c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein. Twelve tumours showed a malignant component with only one histological type; in the remaining seven there was co‐existence of areas of various carcinoma types, adenocarcinoma NOS being the most frequent. Membranous c‐erbB‐2 reactivity was found in 21.1% of the cases, all corresponding to high‐grade adenocarcinomatous areas. The low‐grade carcinoma types that formed the malignant mixed tumours components were negative. Benign pleomorphic adenoma areas, either adjacent or intermingled with carcinomatous areas, were also consistently negative, proving that c‐erbB‐2 accumulation is associated with the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. The finding of a preferential association between c‐erbB‐2 overexpression and high‐grade malignant mixed tumour may indicate prognostic implications for the oncogene protein and may also be indicative of its specific relationship with the putative pathway of malignant transformat

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-424.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alkaline encrusted cystitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the bladder which has been reported sporadically over the past 80 years. It is caused by infection with urea splitting organisms leading to the deposition of inorganic salts on to the surface of the bladder. We present three cases of alkaline encrusted cystitis. In two cases the encrusted area was associated with foci of malakoplakia. The third case occurred in a patient who had received chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of malakoplakia associated with alkaline encrusted cystitis. These two conditions have a number of clinical and aetiological similarities, and may have more in common than has been previously thought.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-426.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An inconsistent association exists between EBV‐LMP‐1 and bcl‐2 protein expression in Reed‐Sternberg cells seen in Hodgkin’s disease. In fact, many studies have concluded that there is no correlation between EBV‐LMP and bcl‐2 expression in Hodgkin's disease. We undertook an analysis of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders to explore the relationship between EBV‐LMP and bcl‐2 in Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells found in this condition, given the strong association between this disorder and EBV. Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells were found histologically in 11 of 28 cases of renal, heart and heart‐lung post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies to EBV‐LMP‐1 and bcl‐2 proteins. Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells in all 11 cases co‐expressed EBV‐LMP and bcl‐2. A similar relationship was noted with large, mononuclear cells and occasional small lymphoid cells. The staining pattern seen with both antibodies was of similar intensity and both displayed cytoplasmic Golgi accentuation. In the setting of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells exhibit strong co‐expression of EBV‐LMP‐1 and bcl‐2 proteins, supporting a positive correlation between them. This is in contrast to the findings in Hodgkin's disease. The reason for this discrepancy may be due to the iatrogenic immunosuppression and re

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-425.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY