摘要:

Following the publication of the Forrest Report in 1986. the Department of Health has established a national breast screening programme in the United Kingdom, to be fully implemented in 1990. Women aged between 50 and 64 years will be invited to undergo mammographic screening on a 3‐year cycle. Funding has been allocated on the basis that a basic screening unit will serve a population of half a million and that specialist assessment centres will cover the work from up to three basic units. The organization of screening services requires careful planning and close cooperation between specialties; histopathologists and cytopathologists must ensure that they are fully consulted. There will be a considerable impact on laboratories and appropriate funding and manpower are required for the additional workload. Pathologists will be asked to provide a specialist service in the interpretation of diagnostic samples from such techniques as fine needle aspiration cytology and needle localization biopsies. Diagnostic difficulties will be encountered in the assessment of impalpable screendetected abnormalities and special training in breast screening is being provided. To ensure the success of the programme a national quality assurance scheme is being implemented. This will include validation of pathology data through regional coordinator

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Breast tissue obtained from 18 of 246 women (7.3%) having localization biopsy for microcalcification contained crystals of Weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate). This was characterized by microscopic infra‐red spectroscopy in three cases. Weddellite calcification was associated with benign lesions in 16 cases, but incidental atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinomain situwere present, each in one case. Pathologists should be aware of this common non‐haematoxyphilic, birefringent form of breast micro‐calcification. Its presence has implications for the examination of biopsy specimens resulting from breast cancer screening using mammog

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventeen cases of primary and one case of metastatic breast cancer which expressed greater than 900 fmol oestrogen receptor sites per mg soluble protein were examined. All these patients were post‐menopausal at the time of their presentation. These were a heterogeneous group of well‐differentiated cellular breast carcinomas, comprising cases of invasive duct carcinoma with extensive tubular differentiation or with focal argyrophilia, tubulolobular carcinoma, lobular carcinoma of mixed type containing abundant intracytoplasmic lumina, papillary carcinoma and type B colloid carcinoma. There was very little tumour necrosis. Nodal metastasis, tumour size and host inflammatory response did not appear to show any relationship with oestrogen receptor status. The patients, apart from two who died from other causes, remain alive (Fisher's exact test,P<0.01). In contrast, 17 randomly selected cases of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer in the same study period were focally necrotic, poorly‐differentiated invasive duct carcinomas. Six patients died from metastatic disease, seven were alive and well, one was alive with metastatic disease, one was lost to follow‐up and two died from diseases unrelated to breast

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in the duodenal and rectal mucosa of 30% of 127 AIDS patients studied. HIV‐infected cells were present in the lamina propria in 95% of the positive biopsies. They were immune cells, either isolated lymphocytes and macrophages (1‐4 per positive biopsy) or dendritic reticulum cells forming a network in the germinal centres of mucosal lymphoid follicles. HIV proteins were not found in the duodenal epithelium or in the superficial rectal epithelium. In two cases (5% of the positive biopsies), they were found in rectal glands: the HIV‐infected cells could be either epithelial cells or immune cells. This study confirms that the gut can be a target organ for HIV and that HIV is mainly carried by gut immune cells. The phenotypic study of lymphoid populations and macrophages in the gut mucosa of AIDS patients showed an inverse CD4/CD8 ratio in the lamina propria, compared with normal controls. This was independent of the presence of HIV proteins and is probably responsible for the appearance of opportunistic infections in the mucosa. An increase in activated macrophages was also noted in the mucosa of AIDS pat

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gastric dysplasia is regarded as a pre‐neoplastic lesion and is generally believed to have higher potential for malignant transformation with increasing grade. To obtain consistency in diagnosis and management, reproducible diagnostic criteria are needed. We have used the classification system of the International Study Group on Gastric Cancer—ISGGC and investigated the inter‐observer variation in histological diagnosis. A Kappa statistic of 0.579, which reflects moderate agreement, was obtained for variation between two experienced pathologists. The prevalence of type III intestinal metaplasia was studied and found to occur in 55% of dysplastic areas, but in only 9% of hyperplastic areas (P<0.01). In addition, the correlation of mean nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts with diagnostic categorization was investigated. A significant inter‐observer variation was found between an experienced pathologist and a postgraduate student and only one of the observers obtained statistically significant separation of mean AgNOR counts between the categories of high‐grade dysplasia, low‐grade dysplasia, atypical hyperplasia, simple hyperplasia

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The amount of gastrin‐like immunostaining in gastrin (G) cells of the antral mucosa was quantified using a computer‐assisted method of measuring immunoreaction product. Biopsies from 2 5 patients without Heliobacter‐like organisms and 60 patients with varying degrees of infection were immunostained for gastrin. Twenty‐five G cells from each patient were measured both subjectively and by image analysis. Gastrin‐like immunoreactivity was found to be significantly increased in the presence of Heliobacter‐lik

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymph node biopsies from 57 local and referred cases, previously diagnosed at Southampton between 1978 and 1987 as lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were examined using the monoclonal antibodies MT1, UCHL1, L26, LN‐1, E29/68 (EMA), Leu‐M1 (CD15) and Ber‐H2 (CD30). Of the 34 cases with a nodular architecture, 21 (19 male, two female) contained polylobated Reed‐Sternberg cell variants with a B‐cell phenotype, which lacked expression of CD15. In all cases, the polylobated cells showed positive staining with L26 and LN‐1. Six cases expressed EMA and three showed positive staining with Ber‐H2. Two cases lacking polylobated cells were reclassified as reactive follicular hyperplasia with progressive transformation of germinal centres. The remaining 11 cases had an atypical immunophenotype and were reclassified, mainly as mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease. In six cases, the lymph node architecture showed a mixture of nodular and diffuse growth patterns. Five of these cases contained polylobated cells with the typical morphology and immunophenotype of those seen in nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. The sixth case contained cells expressing CD15, and was reclassified as nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Of the fifteen biopsies with a diffuse architecture, four contained polylobated B‐cells lacking expression of CD15. These were considered to be diffuse lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. The remaining 11 cases were reclassified as either Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity or as T

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary malignant lymphoma of bone, so‐called Parker‐Jackson reticulosarcoma, is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma with a relatively good prognosis. It often corresponds to B‐cell lymphoma of high‐grade malignancy. We report a case of mu lambda immunoblastic lymphoma showing two distinctive features: an abundant reactive T‐lymphocytic population and unusual intra‐cytoplasmic inclusions. These inclusions were PAS positive and consisted of monotypic mu lambda immunoglobulin localized in peculiar aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their morphological appearances resembled the well‐documented inclusions described in some varieties of non‐Hod

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histological study of testicular biopsies from infertile men showing Sertoli‐cell‐only tubules due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, oestrogen treatment, chemotherapy or Del Castillo's syndrome, revealed four types of Sertoli cells: (1) normal adult mature cells showing an indented nucleus, grossly triangular in shape with a prominent tripartite nucleolus; (2) immature cells with round regularly outlined nuclei and immature cytoplasm; (3) dysgenetic cells showing immature nuclei and a nearly mature cytoplasm with less developed cytoplasmic organelles; and (4) involuting cells with very irregularly outlined nuclei and a mature cytoplasm containing abundant lipid droplets and residual bodies and atypical inter‐Sertoli junctional specializations. Testes from men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism showed only immature Sertoli cells; cryptorchid testes showed dysgenetic cells and occasional normal cells; and after treatment with oestrogens or chemotherapy the testes showed involuting cells and normal cells. The testes of men with Del Castillo's syndrome could be classified into three groups, according to the Sertoli cell type present: mature, dysgenetic and involuting cells. This finding suggests that Del Castillo's syndrome may be due to at least three different aetiol

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Renal allograft recipients have an increased incidence of malignancy including squamous carcinoma of cervix and skin. There is growing evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) has a part to play in malignant transformation at these sites. We have previously identified HPV DNA in the skin and genital lesions of such patients by dot and Southern blotting.In situhybridization studies, using biotinylated DNA probes for HPV 4, 5 and 8 in skin lesions and 6, 11. 16 and 18 in genital lesions, were performed on tissues derived from the same group of patients. In the cutaneous lesions, only 25% of the specimens probed were found to contain virus byin situhybridization; 60% of these specimens were found to harbour virus by dot and Southern blotting.In situhybridization revealed HPV 16 and/or 18 in 86% of the genital lesions probed.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY