摘要:

The pathology of the temporal bone and the inner ear in particular has been a neglected area for histopathologists. This review sets out to answer a number of questions on the topic: why is it neglected: how do you learn its anatomy: how do you process it: why do it: and who should do it? The histopathological features of cholesteatoma, otosclerosis and presbyacusis are discussed in detail and future areas of research are identified.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nineteen primary intracranial sarcomas out of a total of about 25 000 brain tumour biopsies are reported. Subtypes Included malignant fibrous histiocytoma (6 cases), leiomyosarcoma (3), rhabdomyosarcoma (2), angiosarcoma (2), and one case each of fibrosarcoma, low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, malignant ectomesenchymoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, differentiated chondrosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Histological and immunohistochemical features corresponded to those of extracranial sarcomas. Nests of pleomorphic astrocytes mimicking glioma were detected in the five storiform‐pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytomas. Our results indicate that intracranial sarcomas can be classified like their extracranial counterparts. The low incidence compared with earlier series is related to changes in classification and progress in histogenetic clarificat

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐eight cases of monocytoid B‐cell lymphoma of lymph nodes and 16 lymph node metastases of primary gastric lymphomas, mostly low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type were investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically. Both groups showed the same morphological and immunohistochemical features: diagnostically important sites of infiltration were the sinuses and the marginal zones, The tumour cells were either medium‐sized or small. The cytoplasm stained grey with Giemsa and was sometimes rather pale. In imprints the grey colour of the cytoplasm was a characteristic feature. The medium‐sized cell type was more frequent; in one third of the cases it was combined with a prominent lymphoplasmacytic component from the same clone, and it resembled the monocytoid B‐cells of the sinuses. The small cell type was less common, was not combined with a lymphoplasmacytic component and more closely resembled marginal zone cells. The difference was underlined by the negative reaction with the monoclonal antibody Ki‐B3 in the small cell type, which, conversely, was positive in the medium‐sized cell type and in the monocytoid B‐cell reaction of the sinuses. Both of these cell types, however, showed a granular reaction with the new monoclonal antibody Ki‐Mlp. The morphological and immunohistochemical parallels are arguments in favour of the assumption that monocytoid B‐cell lymphoma is the nodal equivalent of low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of MALT type. This is further supported by the fact that in nine of our 28 cases of monocytoid B‐cell lymphoma, lymphomas were found simultaneously or subsequently in organs of the MALT. Monocytoid B‐cell lymphoma must be differentiated from an infiltration that occurs in the form of clusters of monocytoid B‐cells in other low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas, especially in immunocytoma w

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chromosomal translocations involving the heavy chain immunoglobulin locus on chromosome 14 and a region on chromosome 18 encoding thebcl‐2 gene [t(14;18)] are a characteristic and prevalent chromosomal abnormality in nodal malignant lymphoma, particularly follicular lymphoma. Using the polymerase chain reaction on routinely processed tissue, t(14;18) has been demonstrated in 22% of primary intestinal lymphomas, i.e. in two of nine cases of malignant lymphomatous polyposis, in four of 19 cases of polymorphic B‐cell lymphoma and in one of four high‐grade unclassified tumours. The findings in this study contradict those of other studies which have shown no such translocation in primary gastric and small intestinal lymphoma. The presence oft(14; 18) indicates heterogeneity of molecular abnormalities within histopathologically homogeneous tumours and suggests that caution should be employed in using molecular cytogenetic data to support theories of tumour histogenesis. The low prevalence of this translocation in intestinal lymphoma makes the use of such a methodology as a primary diagnostic aid doubtful, although the technique may help to distinguish primary and secondary lymphoma and could also be used to demonstrate secondary s

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The expression of the gut intra‐epithelial T‐cell associated molecule HML‐1, a trimeric protein of 150, 125, 105 kD, was studied in 75 T‐cell lymphomas of different subtypes: 20 T‐lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukaemias; 50 nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphomas; and five intestinal T‐cell lymphomas. Our results confirm: (i) the usefulness of the HML‐1 monoclonal antibody as an immunohistochemical marker for intestinal T‐cell lymphomas; and (ii) the lack of reactivity of HML‐1 with nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. Moreover, expression of the HML‐1 molecule was found for the first time in a case of T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia. The patient presented with a mediastinal mass which consisted of HML‐1 + neoplastic cells displaying a phenotypic profile consistent with early thymocytes. Genes coding for the α, β, γ, and δ chains of the T‐cell receptor were in a germline configuration. The neoplastic cells could have been derived from the small subset of HML‐1 + thymocytes detectable i

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Surgical specimens from four patients with diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma of thyroid were examined by electronmicroscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical examination using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was carried out in order to investigate the expression of HLA‐DR antigen, the presence of Langerhans' cells and the phenotypic characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate. The ultrastructural study showed that the intraglandular dissemination, typical of this tumour, was due to massive lymphatic invasion. Many Langerhans' cells were observed among tumour cells and in the lymphoid infiltrates in proximity to tumour foci. HLA‐DR expression was seen on macrophages, Langerhans' cells, endothelial cells, lymphoid cells, many tumour cells and in some nonneoplastic follicles close to tumour clusters and lymphoid infiltrates. The immunohistochemical analysis of the inflammatory infiltrates showed a high proportion of B‐ and T‐cells, and moderate numbers of plasma cells. Our results suggest that the tumour‐specific immune response can give rise to an autoimmune reaction involving non‐neoplastic follicles. It is suggested that this could be one of the mechanisms responsible for immunofacilitation of tu

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Granulomatous prostatitis may result from tuberculosis and fungal infection and has been described following prostatic surgery. In most cases, however, the aetiology is unknown, although it may be due to a reaction to extravasated or altered prostatic secretions. We have investigated cells (macrophages, lymphocytes), serum proteins (fibrinogen, α1‐antitrypsin) and prostatic epithelial products (prostatic‐specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase) in diffuse granulomatous prostatitis (3 cases), focal periacinar prostatic granulomas (9) and focal prostatic infarcts (5). using an immunohistological technique. T‐lymphocytes and macrophages are present in diffuse and focal granulomatous prostatitis, but few B‐lymphocytes occur'. Fibrinogen‐related antigen is absent from granulomas, but a small amount is present within infarcts, whereas plentiful α1‐antitrypsin was detected both in granulomas and infarcts. Significant reduction in prostatic‐specific antigen and acid phosphatase reactivity occurs in granulomatous prostatitis. This suggests that cytokines derived from activated macrophages and T‐lymphocytes may be exerting a cell regulatory effect and altering cell secretions, as well as causing destruction of the pro

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A blue naevus of the prostate in an 80‐year‐old patient is presented, including electronmicroscopical examination and the demonstration of S‐100 protein positivity. Cells expressing S‐100 protein were sought in prostates of infants, young adults and elderly patients with hyperplasia and carcinoma. Positive staining was found in stromal cells, but the number diminished with age and disease. These findings could explain the rarity of blue naevus and the virtual absence of primary malignant melanoma in the p

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A modified silver stain technique for visualizing nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR counting) was applied to 24 benign and 23 malignant prostatic biopsies. Marked inter‐observer variation was found, particularly in sections with high AgNOR counts. After averaging the AgNOR counts of both observers, there was no significant difference in counts between the benign and the malignant biopsies. The AgNOR count appeared to be increased in tumours up to Gleason histological grade 6, but not in tumours of Gleason histological grade 7 or mor

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Surgical specimens of 65 adrenal and 27 extra‐adrenal paragangliomas, the latter comprising 11 carotid body, five jugulotympanic, one aorticopulmonary, eight aorticosympathetic and two visceral autonomic tumours, were examined immunocytochemically for the presence of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and S‐100 protein. Six adrenal and four extra‐adrenal (one parasympathetic and three sympathetic) neoplasms pursued a malignant clinical course. S‐100 staining of sustentacular (type 2) cells was seen in both adrenal (48/65) and extra‐adrenal (23/27) lesions, the 10 malignant tumours being entirely devoid of S‐100 protein positive cells. GFAP positivity of type 2 cells was seen in only 16 of the extra‐adrenal tumours, all of these lesions belonging to the group of benign parasympathetic paragangliomas. The presence of S‐100 positive type 2 cells may thus help to exclude malignancy in individual paraganglioma cases, while GFAP positivity of such cells renders possible the correct typing of benign parasympathetic

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY