摘要:

The aim of this study was to elucidate the origin of Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells. Lymph node cytospins and frozen sections from 20 cases of Hodgkin's disease of different histological subtypes were immunostained by the immunoalkaline phosphatase technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. As expected, the Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells of all cases were positive for the CD30 (Ki‐1), CD 15 (hapten X) and CD25 (Tac) antigens. In eight cases, a variable percentage of typical Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells showed a clear‐cut cytoplasmic and/or surface positivity for the T‐cell‐associated antigens CD3, CD5, CD6 and CD4 (seven cases) or CD8 (one case), but consistently lacked B‐cell and macrophage‐associated markers. The best visualization of T‐cell antigens was obtained in cytocentrifuge preparations and in areas of lymph node frozen sections that had been infiltrated by clusters of Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells. In two cases of Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity) the neoplastic cells weakly expressed the B‐cell antigens CD19 and CD22, but not T‐cell or macrophage‐associated markers. In 10 cases, Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells were negative for all the lymphoid‐ and macrophage‐associated antigens. These results suggest a lymphoid (either T or B) rather than histiocytic origin for the Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells in

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four commercially available monoclonal antibodies, MB1, MB2, LN1 and LN2, were studied to determine their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of B‐cell lymphomas when used on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. In addition to 125 cases of immunologically characterized non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, a range of normal tissues, reactive lymphoid proliferations, Hodgkin's disease and granulocytic sarcomas were also studied. MB1 was found to give positive results in 53.6% of B‐cell lymphomas, but the staining was sometimes weak and patchy; there was also cross‐reaction with 1.8% of T‐cell lymphomas. MB2 reacted with 88.4% of B‐cell lymphomas and the reaction was often strong and diffuse, but it showed cross‐reaction with 18.2% of T‐cell lymphomas. LN1 and LN2 gave positive staining of 44.9 and 46.4% of B‐cell lymphomas respectively, and the results appeared to be inferior to that obtained in B5‐fixed tissues; staining was sometimes weak and focal, and they also gave false‐positive results in a few cases of T‐cell lymphoma. This study shows that MB1, LN1 and LN2 are fairly but not entirely specific for B‐cells in the non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, but are not very sensitive when applied to formalin‐fixed tissues. MB2 shows a high sensitivity but only moderate specificity. Therefore, when these antibodies are used to determine the immunophenotype of malignant lymphomas, the B‐cell nature can be predicted with great confidence only when two, preferably three or more, of the antibodies give positive results. The potential application

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐seven cases of palpable and/or tumour‐forming adenosis in the female breast, called adenosis tumour, have been investigated. It is a rare lesion, which most often presents as a breast mass that clinically and histologically is sometimes misinterpreted as carcinoma. The majority of patients were under the age of 45 years. Grossly, most tumours were firm or elastic and showed a grey or greyish‐white cut surface. Furthermore, seven (26%) were granular and nine (34%) were microcystic, whereas none showed chalky streaks. Microscopically, 20 cases were poorly circumscribed and seven cases were well circumscribed. In contradistinction to the often uniform growth pattern of tubular carcinoma, the adenosis tumours characteristically showed adenosis arranged in a mixture of eight different growth patterns. The most frequent and also most extensive growth pattern was classical sclerosing adenosis and the least frequent was tubular adenosis. Another conspicuous feature in adenosis tumours was patchy growth in contrast to the stellate configuration of tubular carcinoma which is the most likely differential diagnosis. Other findings separating adenosis tumours from carcinomas were microcysts (93%), apocrine metaplasia (63%), luminal histiocytes (52%) and pseudopapillomas, called glomeruloid structures (48%). Epithelial changes that could cause anxiety about malignancy were frequently found and comprised epithelial hyperplasia (44%), epithelial atypia (26%) and fat or nerve infiltration (30%). Three patients were subjected to unnecessary mastectomy because of incorrectly diagnosed adenosis tumours. Adenosis tumours and non‐infiltrating carcinoma were found together in five cases, but their association is probably over represented due to selection. None of 18 pure adenosis tumours solely treated by excision had recurred at follow‐up 1–9 years later (mean

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Diffusion prior to tissue fixation may result in immunohistochemical localization of antigen at sites in which it does not occurin vivo. The extent and speed with which this may occur have been investigated with several antigens of different molecular weights in tissues which were left unfixed for various lengths of time. There was clear evidence of diffusion when fixation was delayed for as little as 1 h, resulting in focal labelling of cells which did not contain antigen in rapidly fixed tissues. Falsely localized antigen was particularly evident adjacent to sites containing high antigen concentrations and might be expected in areas permeated by antigen‐containing tissue fluid. These findings substantiate the view that diffusion of antigen should be considered as a cause of false positivity in any immunolocalization stud

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of 215 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma referred to a single department of clinical oncology between 1940 and 1969 was studied to assess the accuracy of the Breslow thickness and the role of S‐100 protein in predicting the clinical prognosis. Histological examination of these tumours showed that although the Breslow thickness correlated well with prognosis, in a significant number of cases it did not reliably forecast clinical outcome. From this series, tissue from those patients who survived disease‐free for more than 10 years and those who died within a year of diagnosis was stained immunohistochemically for S‐100 protein. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, strong staining for S‐100 protein was associated with improved survival (P<0.001). A marked increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma was noted during the period of th

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the increasing use of immunohistochemical stains in the diagnostic laboratory, it becomes relevant to review the contributions of this new technology in the area of tumour diagnosis. During 1986, our laboratory received 21479 biopsy specimens of which 2013 were tumours. Nine hundred and fifty‐eight tumours (47.5%) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The biopsy and immunohistochemistry reports of 200 consecutive tumours, including 41 consultation cases, were retrospectively reviewed and assigned to one of the five categories. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the preferred H&E diagnosis in 106 cases (53%); made the definitive diagnosis from a list of differential diagnosis in 29 cases (14.5%); provided contributory information in 36 cases (18%); were non‐contributory in 27 cases (13.5%); and rendered an unsuspected diagnosis in two cases (1%). Immunohistochemical stains were particularly useful in distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and anaplastic carcinoma and in the identification of amelanotic melanoma. The application of a panel of antibodies chosen in accordance with the differential diagnoses considered was very useful in the typing of anaplastic round cell and spindle cell tumours. In 27 cases (13.5%), immunohistochemical stains were non‐contributory. About half of these were referred cases and the failure to demonstrate the relevant antigens in normal tissues which served as in‐built controls suggested that part of the problem may be due to differences in methods of fixation which led to sub‐optimal preservation of tissue antigens. We conclude that immunohistochemical stains provide important and sometimes essential information for definitive typing of anaplastic tumours. Often the information derived was of therapeutic and prognostic relevance. We argue that this is a cost‐effective test although we would caution that in all circumstances the interpretation of immunostaining must be made in the context of the histological as well as the clinical and labo

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nuclear Feulgen DNA content was measured by cytophotometry and the number of mitoses per 40 high power fields was determined in hyperplastic and atypical hyperplastic lesions of fibrocystic disease in 18 patients, in ductal carcinomain situin 14 patients and in ductal carcinomain situassociated with infiltrating carcinoma in 11 patients. These parameters were also investigated in the hyperplastic lesions accompanying ductal carcinomain situand ductal carcinomain situassociated with infiltrating carcinoma. The nuclear Feulgen DNA content could not discriminate between atypical hyperplasia and ductal carcinomain situ. Although differences in the mitotic count between hyperplastic and atypical breast lesions were not statistically significant, there was a statistically significant greater mitotic count in ductal carcinomain situalone or associated with infiltrating carcinoma. These findings suggest that the mitotic count is useful for the differential diagnosis between atypical hyperplasia and ductal carcinomain situ. In addition, hyperplastic lesions associated with ductal carcinomain situ, with or without infiltrating carcinoma, exhibited a statistically significant higher mitotic count than those in benign fibrocystic disease. Hyperplastic breast lesions exhibiting high mitotic counts may indicate the presence of a neighbouring ductal malignancy and suggest an increased proliferative activity in breast tissue in the neighbourhood of malignancy.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The histological distinction between endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma may present diagnostic difficulties. Several reports have suggested that differences in the histochemical staining of the tumours may indicate their histogenesis. In this paper we have compared the staining properties of 20 endocervical adenocarcinomas (14 invasive and sixin situ) with 12 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Unequivocal examples were used where the site of origin was not in doubt. Sections were stained using a monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alcian blue at pH 1.0 and pH2.5, PAS‐diastase and toluidine blue. The results were graded by two pathologists and results compared. Three poorly differentiated invasive endocervical tumours were completely negative for CEA. Seventeen out of the remaining 20 endocervical tumours and 7/12 endometrial adenocarcinomas showed a non‐specific apical staining pattern. This also occurred in normal and dysplastic endocervical glands. Intense intracytoplasmic staining for CEA was found in 7/14 invasive and 3/6in situendocervical adenocarcinomas. Normal endocervix never showed this staining reaction. However, 4/12 endometrial tumours showed a similar pattern. Mucin stains showed no specific staining pattern for either tumour. In an individual case where the site of origin is in doubt, histochemical methods are of little value in confidently resolving the prob

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The co‐existence of a gangliocytic paraganglioma and a glandular psammomatous carcinoid in the duodenum of a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease and bilateral phaeochromocytomas is reported. The two lesions were considered to be distinctive by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The cells of the glandular carcinoid showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for somatostatin and contained only scanty intracytoplasmic microfilaments on electron microscopy. In contrast, the endocrine cells of the gangliocytic paraganglioma were positive for pancreatic polypeptide and serotonin, were negative for somatostatin, and contained conspicuous intracytoplasmic aggregates of filaments. The histogenic relationship between the two tumours is discussed. This case strengthens the known association of glandular duodenal somatostatinoma with von Recklinghausen's disease and phaeochromocytoma and, in the light of a previous case report, suggests that von Recklinghausen's disease and gangliocytic paraganglioma may co‐exist more commonly than expec

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY