摘要:

A literature review was conducted to evaluate the mechanisms mediating the fate ofGiardia lambliacysts andCryptosporidiumsp. oocysts in surface waters, particularly in lakes and reservoirs. Emphasis was placed on quantification of source and sink terms as applied in mass balance models. The literature review results indicated that cysts and oocysts [referred to collectively as (oo) cysts] are commonly detected over a wide range of concentrations in a wide variety of aquatic systems. Humans and other animals are considered to be the sources of (oo)cysts introduced to aquatic systems. Most studies included some measure of (oo) cyst viability but not necessarily infectivity. Sedimentation was identified as an important loss mechanism for (oo) cysts in lakes and reservoirs. There were general indications that ambient irradiation or pH levels would have little effect on (oo) cyst viability or infectivity, while temperature, drying, and redox levels may have more varying effects. The (oo) cysts would be expected to remain viable for longer periods than for fecal bacteria in similar circumstances. Kinetic submodels (as associated coefficients) required to quantify these phenomena are generally unavailable.

ISSN:1040-2381    

DOI:10.1080/07438149809354345

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The feasibility of modeling the environmental fate and transport of cysts and oocysts of the protozoan pathogensGiardia lambliaandCryptosporidiumspp. in surface waters is examined. A kinetic and modeling framework successfully applied for fecal bacteria is considered for this application. The model utilizes a mass balance approach and accommodates inputs from tributary loads and sediment resuspension, losses to sedimentation and inactivation and mass transport. Recommendations are provided for the design of a program of field monitoring and experimental studies which would support model development. Requirements for model application are considered within the context of Cannonsville Reservoir, a component of the New York City drinking water supply system.

ISSN:1040-2381    

DOI:10.1080/07438149809354346

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor