ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080401

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080402

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080403

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStrains ofMycobacteriumandNocardiaisolated because of their ability to use di(2‒ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as sole carbon source also grew on diethyl, diisooctyl, and butyl benzyl phthalates. As the two bacteria grew on DEHP, they excreted products that increased the solubility of DEHP and diisooctyl, dihexyl, and diisodecyl but not butyl benzyl or di‒n‒butyl phthalates. The solubilizer was produced byMycobacteriumsp. even when grown on a water‒soluble substrate such as acetate. Addition of the solubilizer to culture media enhanced the degradation of DEHP and diisooctyl phthalate byMycobacteriumsp. andNocardiasp. but not butyl benzyl phthalate. The extent of DEHP degradation byMycobacteriumsp. in media amended with the solubilizer was reduced and the initiation of degradation was delayed if the solubilizer was first treated with protease. The effect of protease was not a result of its toxicity toMycobacteriumor use of the enzyme preparation for growth of the organism. The results thus show that microbial products increase the solubility of certain phthalates and enhance their degr

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080404

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of water flow, sediment transport and concentrations of some chlorinated contaminants were used to calculate the transport of contaminants in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. The transport was distributed between the water phase, the suspended sediments, and the bed sediments. The chemicals chosen were hexachlorobenzene, octachlorostyrene and polychlorinated biphenyls. From measurements on three transects in the St. Clair River and two transects in the Detroit River, it can be concluded that the suspended sediments can often transport the largest amount of contaminants, especially near sources of industrial discharge. The amount transported in the soluble phase was of the same order of magnitude as that in the particulate phase. The transport by the bed sediments was negligible in the St. Clair River mainly because of a lack of supply of such sediments. The partitioning of several halogenated compounds between the “dissolved” and “suspended sediment” phase is also di

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080405

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractModel studies of the covalent binding of benzidine (4,4′‒diaminobiphenyl), a hazardous biphenyl amine, to humic acid have been carried out through kinetic and spectroscopic investigation of the reaction of benzidine with substituted quinones in aqueous solution. Benzidine reacts with quinones through a single‒phase second‒order mechanism involving addition of the amino group of benzidine to the C=O group of the quinone (imine formation) and the C=C bond in the quinone ring (1,4‒nucleophilic addition), respectively. The products do not show reversibility in water. Reactivity decreases with increase in substitution on the quinone rings. The results provide more understanding of the pathway by which aromatic amines could couple with quinonoid groups present in hu

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080406

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllele and genotype frequencies for allozymes of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) differed significantly between populations of the central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum, Rafinesque) collected from sites above and below impact from industrial activities. The frequencies of the PGM‒A allele and PGM‒AA and PGM‒AB genotypes were significantly less in populations of stoneroller minnows collected from impacted sites than in populations upstream of impact. Stonerollers with these sensitive PGM genotypes and stonerollers with genotypes of malate dehydrogenase MDH‒BB were more sensitive to the toxic effects of copper sulfate than other genotypes under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that individuals with certain allozymes may be more sensitive to the toxic effects of environmental contaminants than those with other genotypes. Selection or elimination of individuals with sensitive genotypes by contaminants may result in a narrowing of genetic diversity in populations and thus increase the susceptibility of these populations to further stress. Electrophoretic determination of genetic structure in fishes appears to be sensitive to changes in water quality and may be a useful tool for monitoring the health of aquatic popu

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080407

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaboratory stocks of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were acutely exposed to copper (0.16–0.24 mg/L) or cadmium (6.7–9.5 mg/L) for 48 h using a static renewal system. Allozyme genotypes at three polymorphic loci: phosphoglucomutase‒2 (PGM‒2), glucose phosphate isomerase‒2 (GPI‒2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase‒2 (ICD‒2) were resolved using a modified starch gel (13%) electrophoretic technique. Differential survivorship of allozyme genotypes was analyzed using a Wilcoxon matched pair signed‒rank test. Copper significantly (p<0.05) decreased the overall survivorship of fish heterozygous at the GPI‒2 locus. The frequency of the (ab) genotype was significantly higher in the dead fraction of the test populations than in the surviving fraction. The frequencies of the (aa) genotype and the (a) allele at the ICD‒2 locus were significantly higher in female fish surviving exposure to copper than in nonsurviving females. The frequencies of the (bb) genotype and the (b) allele at the GPI‒2 locus were significantly higher in fish surviving exposure to cadmium than in nonsurvivors. These results indicate that some electrophoretically detectable allozymes are more sensitive than others to the toxic effects of environmental pollutants. This suggests that the genetic structure of natural populations should be considered for use as a biological monitor of

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080408

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on photosynthesis (oxygen evolution) EC50s determined from short (5 min) assays, green algae (Chlorellasp. and other species of Chlorococcales) isolated at random from an atrazine‒contaminated stream (Big Spring) in midsummer exhibited similar tolerances to atrazine (range of EC50s: 42–125 μg/L) compared to algae isolated at random from a noncontaminated stream (Osage Spring) (range of EC50s: 35–162 μg/L). A laboratory strain ofChlamydomonas reinhardiiknown to be susceptible to atrazine responded similarly (EC50: 45 μg/L). The EC50s of these algae are similar to those previously reported for laboratory strains. In contrast, an alga (Franceiasp., Chlorococcales) isolated at random during late spring from Big Spring responded similarly to a laboratory strain ofChlamydomonas reinhardiithat is resistant to atrazine (Franceiasp. EC50s: 430–774 μg/L,C. reinhardiiEC50: 466 μg/L). The EC50 values of these algae are near the high end of the range of EC50s reported for

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080409

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of nutritionally deficientArtemianauplii on the growth of the mysid,Mysidopsis bahia, were evaluated in static systems. WhenArtemianauplii with or without highly unsaturated fatty acid 20:5 ω 3 were fed to 24‒h‒oldM. bahiathere was no difference in growth of mysids on either ration after 96 h of feeding. A study comparing amount of available food in static systems necessary for good survival and growth indicated that rations of 5, 10 or 30 Artemia per mysid per day (A/m/d) were different from 50, 70, 90 and 110 A/m/d as measured by dry weight. Static acute 96‒h tests were conducted with ≤24‒h‒oldMysidopsis bahiausing either carbophenothion, cypermethrin, malathion, or 4‒(tert‒octyl)phenol. For each chemical, two replicate tests were conducted simultaneously with each of three rations of food provided. The rations chosen were 10 A/m/d, providing survival with minimal growth, a midpoint ration (60 A/m/d), and 110 A/m/d, clearly in excess of that necessary for good survival and growth. Only LC50s obtained in tests using 10 A/m/d were significantly different from other test results. These tests indicate that lack of food does adversely affect results of mysid static tests. In addition, excess food has the potential to reduce dissolved oxygen to nearly unacceptabl

ISSN:0730-7268    

DOI:10.1002/etc.5620080410

出版商:Wiley Periodicals, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY