摘要:

AbstractCharles Booth's seventeen volumeLife and Labour of the People of Londonhas been called the first social survey. It demonstrated the techniques of organised social research, and proved an impetus to the Social Survey Movement. In spite of its key position in the emergence of empirical sociology, little attention has been paid to the organisation of Booth's research team which was to provide a template for the subsequent development of organised social research, nor to the identities of the twenty people who made up the research team. Remarkably for the time, one‐quarter of the researchers were women, including the young Beatrice Webb and Clara Collet. This paper looks closely at the personalities and the organisatio

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper brings together recently developed perspectives in science studies and the historical sociology of state formation. It focuses on how scientific and government practices together construct the relationalities, identities, natures, and material environments of the bodies that constitute the modern state. The paper argues that the modern state is an effect of these practices, a techno‐scientific political formation in which political government and scientific practice are woven together in a heterogeneous yet definitive networ

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe essay examines how the academic discipline of social medicine was founded in Britain in the 1940s as a political mission. The original conception of social medicine was built upon a collection of beliefs about the nature of science and medicine which were shared by various branches of the profession who identified with diverse social values. The synthesis of ideas that created the discipline, however, were integrated into a specifically left‐wing philosophy of social reform. This medicine of society for society emerged from the politics of science, ethics and society in the Second World War. As an expression of scientific humanism social medicine aimed to fulfil the ethical dictates of the modern evolutionary synthesis and be part of the rising tide of corporate welfarism. The paper concentrates on how its intellectual founder, John Ryle, believed this could be achieved by changing clinical medicine into a new discipline of holistic socio‐biology of health and dise

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper analyzes cattle killing by First Nations in Southern Alberta in the 1890s in light of different theoretical approaches to the issue of First Nations crime. This paper suggests that this form of criminal behaviour was not a result of cultural differences or cultural misunderstandings between First Nations and Europeans. Rather, this type of First Nations criminality was rooted in material circumstances characterized by extreme hunger, and was reflective of a process of resistance to state policies. The crime of cattle killing was, in part, a political act that was part of Treaty Seven First Nations efforts to oppose and change the Department of Indian Affairs rations policy.

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter 1948, the National Party government implemented coercive policies to remove African landowners and rent tenants from ‘white’ fanning districts and resettle them in black ‘reserves. This paper focuses on the different responses within and among four communities in the Lydenburg district of the eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga Province). It shows how Africans were more than mere victims of these policies but responded actively to the policies of the state which had to take account of their actions. The responses to removals of members of each community were shaped by the histories which had given rise to their distinctive identities and their relations to the wiser agrarian and industrial economies of South Africa. Communities themselves were divided between chiefs and followers, between richer and poorer farmers, and between those involved in nationalist politics and those who focused rather on immediate, local interests. Responses to removals and among and within communities were complex and ambiguous and cannot simply be understood in terms of the distinction between ‘resistance’ and ‘collaboration’. Present state policies, which seek to remedy the injustices of the past, need to be sensitive to the divisions among rural communities and the complex reasons for people's different responses to

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis essay uses personal experience at the University of Sussex and as Principal of Ruskin College since 1989, to argue that Creativity in associational form has been systematically marginalised as ‘Mere Administration’ or even as ‘Theology’. New forms and relations of production (of ideas and culture as much as of material goods) depend upon organisational innovation. Max Weber's work, together with some of the best 19th and 20th century Social History (particularly of voluntary organisations) in Britain, together with the author's own experience all point to the importance of what Marx called ‘Centres of Organisation for the working class’ which can do what the medieval municipalities and communes did for the middle class’.Don't forget. I set out our principles before we came into power so that people knew exactly what we stood for. Let me try briefly to sum up. It is the sanctity of the individual. Margaret Thatcher, inNewsweek, April 1992, reprinted inThe Guardian, 22/4/92Our case, after all, is the sociality of general freedom.Raymond Williams,Politics and

ISSN:0952-1909    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY