摘要:

AbstractExperiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency on cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in the mouse. Natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (NKCC) was depressed after 8 wk on diets deficient in selenium and/or vitamin E. In contrast, antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was not affected by 8 wk of dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E. T‐lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity (TCMC) was found to be depressed by combined selenium‐vitamin E deficiency after 7 weeks on diets.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.451

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurgical bursectomy resulted in cellular depletion of the periellipsoid white pulp, confirming its bursa dependency. Also, in bursectomized birds, the ellipsoid could not be identified, although a small number of abnormal ellipsoid‐associated cells (EAC) were observed in the periellipsoid region. The most characteristic finding was the degeneration of the EAC. Degeneration of EAC indicated that the intact bursa was mandatory for normal differentiation of cells of the periellipsoid white pulp into EAC. The promoting effect of the bursa might take place by a bursal hormone. The histological impairment of the EAC was followed by reduced carbon binding and migrating capabilities. Bursectomy resulted in a shift in bacterial phagocytosis in that many cells of the periellipsoid phagocytosed Salmonella. The reduced heterophil infiltration of the ellipsoid in bursectomized birds might be explained by the impaired granular content of the EAC. The impaired migration capability of the EAC might contribute to the low number of germinal centers in bursectomized birds.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.459

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUltrastructural studies of near‐term to 2‐month‐old pigs were done to document characteristics and developmental changes of intravascular macrophages in pulmonary capillaries. Evidence is presented that blood monocytes colonize the porcine lung perinatally, replicate within capillaries postnatally, and attach to endothelium by intercellular junctions during differentiation. Major ultrastructural features of differentiated intravascular macrophages are adhesion to capillary endothelium, pseudopods, phagosomes, and tubular structures of micropinocytosis vermiformis. Ultrastructure indicates that intravascular macrophages are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system involved in several functions (eg, blood cell sequestration) that are usually attributed to hepatolienal macrophages. In newborn and 3‐day‐old pigs, the majority of cells closely apposed to endothelium consisted of few differentiated monocytes, but in 7‐day‐old and older animals, most cells that were joined to endothelium had characteristics of differentiated intravascular macrophages.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.471

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SUE) on monocyte function was studied using cell spreading as an indicator. Monocyte spreading induced by exogenous stimuli was shown to be inhibited by SLE sera. Gel filtration of SLE sera on Sephadex G‐200 revealed that the factor responsible for this inhibition had a molecular weight of about 50,000. Pretreatment of monocytes with the inhibitory factor led to suppression of cell spreading induced by subsequent stimulation, but this hyporeactivity was reversible. Spreading of monocytes was rapidly aborted by the addition of this inhibitory factor. Thus, the inhibitory factor appeared to affect monocyte itself, but its effect seemed to be transient.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.481

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) depleted of la‐expressing cells did not proliferate in response to the lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These cells were able to respond to mitogen if purified autologous accessory cells were added back to the culture, thus showing an absolute requirement for la‐expressing accessory cells in mitogen‐driven T‐cell proliferation. The identity of these accessory cells was shown to be not only monocytes but also la‐expressing B cells and possibly other unidentified la‐bearing cell types.Human interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in the lectin mitogen‐unresponsive culture system was found unable to reconstitute normal human T‐cell proliferation. This suggests that those cells with la surface antigen acting as accessory cells must deliver more than an IL‐1 signal for T‐cell proliferation.The phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) was tested for its ability to replace necessary la‐expressing accessory cells. TPA was able to replace accessory cells in culture, thus mimicking the la‐expressing accessory cells and all their delivered signals in the triggering of human lymphocytes.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.495

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUtilizing rat peritoneal macrophages as the immunogen, a new monoclonal antibody enabling differential monitoring of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) by immunohistochemistry has been raised. Designated Ki‐M2R, this antigen could be detected with the immune alkaline phosphatase reaction on all macrophages including those of bone marrow, lymphatic sinuses, lymphoid follicles, splenic red pulp, and von Kupffer cells of the liver, as well as on macrophages of connective tissue, renal interstitial tissue, serous cavities, and gastrointestinal tract. Langerhans cells—the MPS‐derived reticulum cells of the epidermis—interdigitating reticulum cells, and dendritic reticulum cells of lymphoid follicles were invariably negative. Blood monocytes were rendered positive only after evolving into macrophages upon appropriate stimulation. Thus, Ki‐M2R selectively labels monocytes after transformation into macrophages.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.509

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dependence of the low molecular weight chemoattractants (LMCs) formyl‐methionyl‐leucylphenylalanin (f‐MLP), C5f, and leukotriene B4(LTB4) on albumin to express their chemotactic activity towards granulocytes (PMNs) was investigated in order to study the required qualities of albumin and if albumin could be replaced by any other proteins. The results demonstrated that the supporting effect of isolated albumin was dependent on the method of purification. Only isolated albumin exposed to ethanol precipitation during the purification procedure supported the chemotactic effect of LMCs. The albumin preparation that supported the effect of LMCs also mediated a chemokinetic effect on PMN migration. Albumin isolated by methods other than ethanol precipitation neither exerted a chemokinetic effect nor supported the chemotactic effect of LMCs. Heated, normal serum and isolated α1‐antitrypsin supported the chemotactic activity of LMCs and also mediated a chemokinetic effect on PMN migration.The present investigation suggests an important role for the chemokinetic factors, since it is indicated that their presence is necessary for the chemotactic response of PMNs to the low molecular weight chemoattractants C5f, LTB4, and f‐MLP.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.521

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLymphocyte proliferation induced by lectins declines drastically with age. It has been suggested that the reduction of interleukin production by lymphocytes from old individuals is responsible for the decline in proliferation. In this study, lymphocyte proliferation was stimulated by the calcium ionophore, A23187. A23187 induced the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes from rats through an interleukin‐independent pathway; depletion of spleen lymphocytes of macrophages, addition of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2), and addition of anti‐IL 2 monoclonal antibodies had no effect on the proliferation stimulated by A23187. Spleen lymphocytes from male Fischer F344 male rats of 5, 13, 22, and 30 months of age were stimulated with either concanavalin A (Con A) or A23187. A 50% decrease in Con A‐ and A23187‐induced proliferation was observed between 5 months and 13 months of age. A23187‐induced proliferation decreased only slightly between 13 months and 30 months of age (14%), while Con A‐induced proliferation decreased by 34%. This is the first report to show that the induction of lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin‐independent pathway decreases with increasing age. In addition, these results suggest that a decrease in the responsiveness of cells to calcium ions might be an important factor in the age‐related decline in lymphocyte proliferation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.531

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBone marrow–derived macrophages were prepared from human bone marrow mononuclear cells following cultivation in GCT‐conditioned medium (GCT‐CM) and purification by adherence to fibronectin‐coated flasks. The growth of bone marrow mononuclear cells in GCT‐CM was dependent on the shape of the culture vessels, being increased in round‐bottomed versus flat‐bottomed wells. Proliferation was confined to nonadherent cells; like blood monocytes, bone marrow‐derived macrophages did not incorporate [3H]thymidine in response to GCT‐CM or human serum. Purified macrophages from this source expressed nonspecific esterase and OKM1, OKIa, FMC 17, 32, and 34 and 25F9 antigens but lacked Mo2. They expressed high levels of an inactivator of plasminogen activator, minactivin, and gave a substantial metabolic burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized (but not unopsonized) zymosan. Bone marrow–derived macrophages acted as accessory cells in the response of T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. The results suggest that liquid bone marrow cultures are useful in the study of the differentiation of human mononuclear phagocytes.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.541

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReported herein are the results of studies demonstrating that purified recombinant human interleukin‐2 (hrIL‐2) is a potent mitogen for lymphocytes of healthy human donors. The specificity of the hrlL‐2‐induced response was defined in experiments in which mitogenicity of this T cell growth‐promoting lymphokine was completely abrogated by blocking the T cell membrane receptor for IL‐2 with the anti‐Tac monoclonal antibody. Depletion of adherent mononuclear leukocytes markedly reduced lymphocyte reactivity to hrIL‐2, but the response could be fully recovered by the addition of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1).Increased proliferative responses were observed using a combination of hrIL‐2 and a monoclonal antibody OKT3 that defines a T cell membrane antigen. These studies demonstrate that hrIL‐2, as with antigens and phytomitogens, may serve as the first signal of T cell proliferation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.4.553

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY