摘要:

AbstractIncubation of bovine neutrophils with antigen‐stimulated mononuclear cell supernatant (lymphokine) caused an inhibition of neutrophil migration and an enhancement of the neutrophils' ability to adhere to plastic, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, ingest Staphylococcus aureus, and mediate antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken erythrocytes.Lymphokine‐treated neutrophils also became cytotoxic for chicken, turkey and human erythrocytes in the absence of specific antibody but were not cytotoxic for bovine erythrocytes. The increase in antibody‐independent neutrophil cytotoxicity (AINC) was not due to direct cytotoxic activity of the lymphokine or to a stable, soluble mediator released by the neutrophils. Enhancement of AINC, but not ADCC, required RNA and protein synthesis by the neutrophil.These results indicate that several aspects of neutrophil function can be altered by products secreted by antigen‐stimulated mononuclear cells and that neutrophils can be induced to recognize and to have increased cytotoxic activity toward heterologous erythrocytes.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.557

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMacrophages were isolated by adherence from tumors produced by a number of murine mammary carcinoma lines and were examined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for quantitation of leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase. The tumors included three lines, 66, 67, and 168, which were originally derived from a single, spontaneously arising tumor in a BALB/cfC3H mouse and two other lines, D2A1 and D2F2, which were derived from a single tumor arising from the transplantable hyperplastic alveolar nodule line, D2. These five lines differ from one another in a number of characteristics, including the ability to metastasize spontaneously to the lung from subcutaneous implants and to form experimental metastases in lungs following intravenous injection. Line 67 is nonmetastatic under both circumstances, whereas lines 66, D2A1, and D2F2 are metastatic under the same conditions. Intermediate to these is line 168, which is nonmetastatic from the subcutaneous site but capable of colonizing the lung with an efficiency similar to 66 when injected IV. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) from lines 66, D2A1, and D2F2 contained the greatest amounts of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and those from line 67 the least, with TAM from 168 being intermediate. Conversely, the TAM from line 67 had the greatest amounts of acid phosphatase (APTase) and those from line 168 the least. In addition to differences among tumors in enzyme levels of the adherent TAM, the precentages of TAM that were adherent were also different among the tumors. Only 12% of TAM from line 67 were recovered in the adherent fraction as opposed to 35–38% of TAM from lines 66 and 168.These results confirm and extend our previous findings that TAM from metastatic tumors have increased levels of LAP compared to TAM from nonmetastatic tumors. They also demonstrate noncoordinate expression of LAP and APTase in TAM, and illustrate how a population of TAM can be homogeneous for one enzyme and heterogeneous for another. Furthermore, the difference in the percentage of macrophages that are adherent between metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors is another indication both of the heterogeneous nature of TAM and of the role of a tumor in determining the type of host infiltrate with which it is associated.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.573

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractModulation of NAD(P)H in human neutrophils (PMN) following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or chemotactic factors was determined by flow cytometry. Stimulation of PMN with 1 μg/ml of PMA results in a time‐dependent decrease in fluorescence, attributable to the oxidation of NAD(P)H. The decrease in fluorescence did not occur with PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and was observed in only half of PMN from the mother of the patient. Loss of fluorescence in normal PMN was maximal following 7–15 min of stimulation with PMA. Simultaneous measurement of PMA‐stimulated NAD(P)H oxidation and H2O2production showed that NAD(P)H oxidation occurred as an all‐or‐none response while H2O2production showed a graded response.These data suggest that with PMA stimulation, a threshold exists beyond which constitutive NAD(P)+reduction is suppressed and complete oxidation of NAD(P)H occurs, while H2O2production is proportional to the concentration of PMA. PMA‐stimulated oxidation of NAD(P)H was reversible, and fluorescence returned to the initial level or higher after 40–60 min. Oxidation of NAD(P)H also occurred when cytochalasin B‐treated PMN were stimulated with 25 nM C5a or 100 nM formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (f‐MLP), but occurred more rapidly, peaking at 1 to 3 min. Fluorescence also returned by 5–6 min. This response to C5a and f‐MLP was graded and proportional to the concentration of chemotactic factor used. Comparative studies showed that the cytochalasin‐B treatment was essential for measurement of NAD(P)H oxidation, in response to C5a and F‐MLP.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.587

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in neutrophils. The basis for this response appears to be an NAD(P)H oxidase that utilizes reduced NAD(P)H to form superoxide anion. We utilized the unique UV‐stimulated fluorescence property of reduced pyridine nucleotides to analyze NAD(P)H utilization in monocytes. UV‐stimulated fluorescence in mononuclear cell preparations indicated two populations of cells with the highly fluorescent cells having a Coulter volume consistent with that of monocytes. Dual laser analysis with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that these highly fluorescent cells are monocytes by showing them to be OKM1 +, Leu DR +, and anti‐monocyte 0.2 +. Natural killer (NK) cells, as defined by Leu 7, were not found in this highly fluorescent population. Stimulation of mononuclear cells with phorbol myristate acetate caused a fluorescence loss indicative of NAD(P)H oxidation in monocytes but not in lymphocytes. Stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of PMA (1–5 ng/ml) resulted in a dose‐dependent fluorescence loss in monocytes that occurred in an all‐or‐none fashion identical to the pattern observed in neutrophils. Simultaneous measurement of H2O2production using dichlorofluorescein formation with NAD(P)H fluorescence indicates that oxidant production occurs in a graded manner. This method, then, provides a convenient way to study in single cells the metabolic events involved in depletion and replenishment of NAD(P)H during the oxidative burst and demonstrates an additional means by which to distinguish monocytes from lymphocytes using flow cytometry.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.603

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of a reticuloendothelial (RE)‐depressing substance. This RE‐depressing substance was obtained from the plasma of dogs subjected to 3 hr of intestinal ischemia. RE‐depressing substance was partially purified by dialysis and reverse‐phase column chromatography. The assay of RE‐depressing activity was based on the depression of the rate of clearance of colloidal carbon from the blood of rats or mice. The effect of RE‐depressing substance on three other RE system (RES) test particles (gelatinized lipid emulsion, formalinized sheep erythrocytes, and IgM‐coated erythrocytes) was determined. RE‐depressing substance did not affect the clearance rate or the organ localization of these three test particles. Therefore, RE‐depressing substance affected only the clearance of colloidal carbon. Since platelet aggregation has been shown to contribute to the clearance of colloidal carbon, the effect of RE‐depressing substance on platelet aggregation was evaluated. RE‐depressing substance depressed in vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. It was concluded that the effect of RE‐depressing substance on the clearance of colloidal carbon was due to a depression of platelet aggregation rather than to a depression of hepatic macrophage phagocytic function.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.613

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of cell‐mediated immunity in hamsters during treponemal infection appears to involve the activated macrophage. To date, studies have been hindered by the inability to confirm that macrophages exhibit enhanced treponemicidal activity at the infection site. We show that lipopolysaccharide and thioglycollate‐treated animals, when inoculated with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, exhibit enhanced clearance of these organisms compared with controls. Macrophages from these infected groups display an enhanced respiratory burst, as detected by NBT reduction, as well as a marked increase in C3b receptor‐mediated ingestion activity. Signficiant changes in these parameters indicate that alterations in macrophage activation are occurring in the infected compartment. Thus the stimulatory agents apparently modify the host's immune responses to promote subsequent reduction of treponemal infection. In addition, hamster peritoneal macrophages demonstrate enhanced activation behavior as a result of exposure to at least two signals, which may be prerequisite for processing this organism efficiently.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.625

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies were used to monitor the expression of I‐A antigen on the surface of macrophages obtained from mice immunized to Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG). Unlike the transient nature of I‐A expression by macrophages from Listeria‐injected mice, peritoneal macrophages from mice injected 28 days previously with 104BCG expressed I‐A continuously. The continued expression was not due to the presence of antigen or of contaminating lymphocytes. When we compared the kinetics of I‐A expression from different strains of mice, the continuous expression of I‐A correlated with the genetic resistance of the mice to BCG. Macrophages from mice that were resistant to BCG expressed I‐A continuously, while macrophages from BCG susceptible mice expressed I‐A transiently. Injection of resistant mice with Salmonella typhimurium did not result in the induction of a population of macrophages that expressed I‐A continuously. This suggests that the Bcg gene may not be the same as that responsible for resistance to Salmonella (Ity) or Leishmania (Lsh).

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.635

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreased concentrations of eicosanoids are found in synovial fluids (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SF polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), which derive from peripheral blood, usually account for approximately 90% of the cells in RA SF. Since eicosanoid precursor fatty acids (FA) are liberated by phospholipases from membrane phospholipids, we examined phospholipase A2and C activities in peripheral blood PMN from patients with RA. Peripheral blood PMN from patients with RA (RA‐PMN) exhibit greater phospholipase A2activities against phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and greater phospholipase C activities against PC, PE, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) than PMN obtained from normal volunteers (N‐PMN).

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.649

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman monocyte‐derived macrophages phagocytosed zymosan in the absence of serum opsonins. The capacity to ingest zymosan developed after the cells were cultured in vitro for 3 days and was inhibited completely by mannan. We conclude that human monocyte‐derived macrophages phagocytose unopsonized zymosan predominantly via mannose receptors.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.38.5.655

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY