摘要:

AbstractAn assay system was developed to measure feline hybridoma growth factor (HGF)/interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) activity in biological samples containing many kinds of cytokines by using the proliferation of the newly established mouse‐rat hybridoma clone. B3B1. The proliferative response of this B3B1 clone was IL‐6‐specific, and could not be promoted by other cytokines including IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐3, and granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), The anti‐human B‐cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF‐2)/IL‐6 antiserum did not neutralize feline HGF/IL‐6 activity in conditioned media prepared from feline con A‐stimulated splenocytes and unstimulated alveolar macrophages, indicating antigenic differences between species. Feline HGF/IL‐6 was eluted into the fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 30,000–40,000 in gel filtration, and into the fractions at a salt concentration of 0.2–0.3 M NaCI in anion exchange chromatography. The physicochemical properties of feline HGF/IL‐6 were slightly different from those of murine and human IL‐6.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.501

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStructural and functional changes were studied in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with murine cytomegalovirus by using centrifugal enhancement to achieve a high‐level (>90%) pulsed infection. During 3 d of culture the infected cells became enlarged and rounded with smooth surface contours. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated various stages of viral maturation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Intracellular organization was generally retained, apart from the development of large, irregular, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, in which enveloped virions and cell debris accumulated. The infected macrophages lost most surface markers tested (F4/80, Mac‐1, FcR, and the receptor for gluteraldehyde‐fixed sheep red blood cells), but H‐2 expression was increased. Moreover, ingestion of colloidal gold or horseradish peroxidase was depressed, and the levels of acid phosphatase activity, lymphocytostatic activity, and interleukin 1 production were also decreased. The latter may explain the observed loss of accessory cell function.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.508

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe in vitro interaction between yeast cells ofCryptococcus neoformansand Lewis rat alveolar macrophages (AMÕ) was studied in the absence of serum. AMÕ were harvested by lung lavage, and monolayers of adherent cells were established in wells of microtiter plates. Radiolabeled yeast cells were added to fresh AMÕ monolayers, the plates were incubated at 37°C under 5% CO2, nonadherent yeasts were removed, and phagocytosis (i.e., attachment or ingestion) was determined by measuring adherent radioactivity. AMÕ were able to bind or ingest, and kill, encapsulated strains of C.neoformansin the absence of serum. Serum‐free phagocytosis was suboptimal by comparison with phagocytosis in the presence of serum. The mechanism of serum‐free phagocytosis Involves a receptor on the AMÕ with affinity for mannose‐rich determinants present on the yeast cell walls and unrelated to the capsular polysaccharide. Opsonin‐independent phagocytosis was only detected with nonencapsulated, small, and medium encapsulated strains of C.neoformans.Large encapsulated strains were not taken up without serum. Serum‐free phagocytosis could be of critical importance in the alveolar spaces, where only marginal concentrations of serum opsonins are initially present.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.521

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study examined changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced interleukin 1 (IL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by murine peritoneal macrophages during the chronic exudative response to Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Macrophages were isolated by peritoneal lavage and adherence at intervals over a 32 day period following i.p. injection of CFA. Optimal culture conditions for IL‐1 and TNF production were predetermined, and it was found that IL‐1 production was profoundly impaired at densities of above 150 cells/mm2, whereas TNF sythesis was more resistant to density effects. Using optimal conditions, we observed a sequential appearance of monokines. On day 0 there was minimal IL‐1 production and no detectable TNF production. By days 4–7, IL‐1 production reached maximum levels with a steady decline to baseline by day 32. TNF production steadily increased after day 2, reached maximal levels by days 16–20, and then partly declined by day 32. These findings were supported by kinetic analyses at specified days. When related to exudative events, it appeared that maximal IL‐1 was associated with the recruitment stage of the reaction, whereas TNF production was associated with the established exudate. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TNF production could be related to the proportion of macrophages with cytoplasmic TNF expression. In contrast, IL‐1α and ‐1β expression was comparable among populations with 85–100% of cells showing cytoplasmic expression 6 hr after LPS stimulus. Whereas cytoplasmic IL‐1α persisted for the 18 hr study period, IL‐1β disappeared from many adjuvant recruited cells. Our findings suggest that monokine production is orchestrated during macrophage recruitment and activation at sites of chronic inflammation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.529

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect on mouse typhoid infection of a 3‐day treatment of female virgin mice with 1 mg/day of female sex hormones (estrogen or progesterone), maintaining the same hormonal levels observed in pregnant mice for 30 days, was investigated in order to clarify the mechanisms of altered resistance during pregnancy. Estrogen‐exposed mice were more susceptible to the intraperitoneal challenge withSalmonella typhimuriumas compared with the vehicle control mice, while progesterone treatment increased the survival times of mice. Estrogen exposure increased the number of peritoneal cells after treatment, but the inflammatory cellular response after infection was significantly suppressed. Although the estrogen‐treated and vehicle control mice had the same degrees of peritoneal cellular responses after infection, the death rates in the estrogen‐treated mice were higher than those in the vehicle control mice against challenge with 1 LD50of S.typhimurium.On the other hand, progesterone treatment resulted in the marked influx of peritoneal cells after treatment was terminated, and also it induced a significant increase in the number of peritoneal cells after infection. Although survival times in the progesterone group were higher than those in other groups, all progesterone‐treated mice died after a challenge with 1,000 LD50ofS.typhimurium.These results suggest that progesterone enhances nonspecific resistance by increasing the influx of peritoneal cells after infection, while estrogen affects the acute inflammatory responses.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.538

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, we examined the kinetics of host cell infiltration into the nonimmunogenic Colon 26 tumor. We found that 1 x 104cells were required to produce tumors in 100% of mice. The in vivo doubling time was 42.5 h, and a barely palpable tumor contained 8 x 106cells. No evidence of concomitant immunity was found. The number of host cells infiltrating the in vivo tumors increased at the same rate as the number of tumor cells, but averaged only 22% of total cells. Cycling T lymphocytes were present in the host cell infiltrate of this tumor. In addition, approximately 50% of in vivo Colon 26 cells were Thy‐1.2 positive. The observed characteristic of low immunogenicity makes it a useful murine model for studying human malignant tumors.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.547

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA set of three monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), ED1, ED2, and ED3, has been shown to recognize in situ different subsets of macrophages in the rat. This macrophage diversity can be correlated with differences in stage of differentiation of cells belonging to one lineage. The present study quantifies this antigen distribution in the macrophage fractions of several lymphoid organs provided by Percoll centrifugation. Four new MoAbs (ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9) raised against macrophages are included in this study. The tissue distribution of each of the four new MoAbs is determined by immuno‐ and enzyme‐histochemistry on cryostat sections. The MoAbs recognize distinct subpopulations of macrophages. The new MoAbs ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9 recognize granulocytes and other unrelated cell types, as well as cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. ED7 and ED8 recognize a surface heterodimer of Mr160,000 and 95,000.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.556

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThioglycollate‐elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ (Lpsd) and C3H/OuJ (Lpsn) mice were cultured in a two‐signal, tumoricidal assay using recombinant interferon‐γ (rlFN‐γ) as the “priming” signal and recombinant human C5a (rC5a) as the “trigger” signal. These experiments were compared directly with a well established, two‐signal tumoricidal assay in which rlFN‐γ was used as the “priming” signal and protein‐rich, butanol‐extracted lipopolysaccharide (But‐LPS) as the “trigger” signal. These studies showed that rlFN‐γ‐primed macrophages can be triggered in a dose‐dependent manner by rC5a to effecthigh levels of tumoricidal activity. Maximum levels of cytotoxicity achieved using this endogenously produced, biologically active peptide as a “trigger” signal were comparable to those obtained using But‐LPS. Moreover, experiments in which anti‐C5 antibody was included in macrophage cultures stimulated with rlFN‐γ and But‐LPS showed a significant reduction (P<.05) in tumoricidal activity. Because LPS has been shown to induce macrophage C5 production and enzyme release, these findings suggest that macrophage‐derived C5 is locally converted to C5a (or some other biologically active C5 cleavage fragment), which functions as an autocrine trigger signal for the induction of tumoricidal activity. In summary, these data suggest 1) that rC5a can provide a “second signal” to rlFN‐γ‐primed murine macrophages for the induction of tumoricidal activity and 2) that macrophage‐derived C5 or C5a may represent an autocrine signal induced by exogenous “trigger signals.”

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.565

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.46.6.571

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY