摘要:

To allow a further understanding of the pathogenesis of impaired stimulated locomotion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in human neonates, we studied cellular orientation by neonatal PMNs in response to well‐defined chemotactic gradients (Zigmond orientation chambers) and characterized the cytoplasmic microtubule (MT) complex of neonatal PMNs during cell orientation and movement. PMN suspensions obtained from 52 neonates demonstrated a diminished capacity to undergo orientation at all time intervals after exposure to gradients of N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl phenylalanine (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) or C5a. Among responding (orienting) neonatal PMNs observed, only 70% (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) or 59% (C5a) oriented accurately (toward chemotactic gradients) as compared to values of 96% (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) or 92% (C5a) for adult controls. Furthermore, neonatal PMNs failed to alter their direction of orientation/migration when chemotactic gradients were reversed. Similar abnormalities were observed when 10‐fold gradients of f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe were employed over a concentration range between 10−7and 10−11M. Employing tubulin immunofluorescence, the cytoplasmic MT complex of‐neonatal PMNs was assessed prior to and after cell exposure to uniform concentrations or gradients of chemotactic factors (CFs). MT assembly by neonatal PMNs studied under these experimental conditions was significantly diminished. Neonatal cell suspensions demonstrated 26 ± 5 (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) or 27 ± 6 (C5a) MT/cell as compared to respective values of 36 ± 6 or 35 ± 5 for adult suspensions (P<.001). MT lengths of neonatal PMNs increased from 6.7 ± 1µm(PBS) to 7.5 ± 1 µm (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) or 7.3 ± 1 µm (C5a) as © 1984 Alan R. Liss, Inc. Anderson et al compared to values of 6.5 ± 1 µm (PBS), 11.1 ± 1 µm (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe), and 10.9 ± 1µm(C5a) for adult PMNs exposed to gradients or uniform concentrations of CFs (P<.01 for both f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe and C5a). Thus, the polymerized tubulin mass product of chemotactically stimulated neonatal PMNs (202 µm) was significantly (P<.001) diminished as compared to adult PMNs (360 µm). As shown by a [3H]colchicine binding assay, impaired MT assembly could not be attributed to diminished cytoplasmic tubulin content of neonatal PMNs, which was comparable to adult PMNs.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.1

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sensitive in vitro assay for generation of human leukocytic pyrogen has been used to study the pathogenesis of fever accompanying administration of human α‐interferon. Unlike other potent pyrogens, two recombinant interferon preparations tested over a wide concentration range did not stimulate release of leukocytic pyrogen. This result suggests that interferon may cause fever by a novel mechanism not dependent on leukocytic pyrogen.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.17

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the specificity of the T cells that express and suppress antitumor immunity in a model of adoptive immunization against established tumors. Results obtained with the P815 mastocytoma, L5178Y lymphoma, and P388 lymphoma showed, in agreement with previous findings from this laboratory, that an intravenous infusion of splenic T cells from immunized mice can cause the regression of a tumor growing in T‐cell‐deficient mice. So far as specificity of adoptive immunity is concerned, reciprocal passive transfer experiments with these three tumors revealed that T cells from donor mice immunized against the P815 tumor are not capable of causing regression of the P388 tumor or L5178Y tumor, even if both the P815 and L5178Y tumors are growing in the same host. Similarly splenic T cells from mice immunized against the P388 tumor or L5178Y tumor had no effect on growth of the P815 tumor. Suppression of adoptive immunity was also specific, in that passively transferred suppressor T cells from mice bearing a progressive P815 tumor were capable of suppressing adoptive T‐cell‐mediated regression of the P815 tumor, but not the P388 tumor growing in T‐cell‐deficient recipients. Reciprocally, P388 suppressor spleen cells from mice bearing a progressive P388 tumor prevented adoptive T‐cell‐mediated regression of the P388 tumor, but not the P815 tumor. The results indicate, therefore, that the T cells from immunized mice that mediate adoptive antitumor immunity and the T cells from tumor‐bearing mice that suppress the expression of this immunity are specific for the tumor that evokes their generation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.27

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We compared the abilities of alveolar macrophages (AM) from neonatal and adult rabbits to generate and release superoxide (O2) after exposure to soluble and particulate stimuli. Basal rates of O2release, 0.1–0.2 nmol/106AM/10 min, were modestly increased by exposing AM to phorbol myristate acetate, (dihy‐dro)cytochalasin B, or cytochalasin C. Opsonized zymosan was a more effective stimulus, and maximal rates of O2release were observed when AM were stimulated by a combination of opsonized zymosan and one of the aforementioned cytochalasins. Cytochalasins D and E were each potent activators of O2″ production by AM in the absence of additional stimuli. Adult AM released 24.8 ± 6.0, 20.4 ±4.4, and 33.5 ± 6.4 nmol O2‐ /106AM/10 min after stimulation by cytochalasin D, cytochalasin E, and dihydrocytochalasin B plus opsonized zymosan, respectively. Following exposure to the same stimuli, AM from 1, 3‐ and 7‐day‐old rabbits released O2″ at rates that ranged from 45 to 75% of corresponding adult values. The discrepancy between O2production by neonatal and adult AM was accentuated when comparisons were restricted to AM recovered from bacteriologically sterile respiratory tracts. Our data show the O2generating capacity of neonatal AM to be substantially less than that of the adult AM. Immaturity of this response could predispose neonates to pulmonary infection.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.39

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The tumor promoter, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), has several effects on the immune system. The effect of TPA on the in vitro antibody response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC) was studied. Spleen cells treated in vitro with TPA resulted in a dose‐dependent inhibition of the IgM antibody forming cell (AFC) response with an IC50 of 0.74 nM. Nontumor promoting analogs at concentrations up to 1000 nM had no effect on this system. 2‐Mercaptoethanol (2ME), which is known to augment macrophage function in this assay, did not reverse the inhibition. Spleen cells were separated into plastic adherent cells (ADC) and nonadherent cells (NAC). When NAC were treated with TPA and cultured with untreated ADC, the inhibition was seen. However, treating the ADC alone did not result in an inhibition. These results show that TPA will suppress the in vitro antibody response in the mouse and that the suppression is due to a selective effect on the plastic nonadherent cell population. The study of these effects of TPA may allow us to gain insight into the mechanism of its tumor promoting activity and to use it as a tool to study the modulation of the immune system.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.51

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A detailed study of the effect of various periods of hyperlipidemia on the reticuloendothelial system (RES) lipid accumulation in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys was conducted. The cynomolgus serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were on the average more elevated than the rhesus levels throughout a 12‐month period when both species were fed a diet containing 12.5% coconut oil, 12.5% butter fat, and 2% cholesterol. After cynomolgus monkeys were fed this diet, their reticuloendothelial system became more lipid laden than that of the rhesus monkeys, in both the liver and the spleen. This was also true for the circulating monocytes. Furthermore, the parenchymal cells of the cynomolgus livers also become more fat filled, and chemical analyses demonstrated more cholesterol (total, free, and esterified) and triglycerides in the liver and the spleen. Xanthomata development in the cynomolgus, although similar in type and distribution, was more extensive than that in the rhesus monkey after similar periods of experimental diet feeding. Therefore, the RES of two species of macaque monkeys are affected differently when challenged with the same high fat, high cholesterol diet, with the cynomolgus RES being much more involved with lipid and cholesterol storage than the rhesus RES.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.63

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.1.i

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY