摘要:

This study used both in vitro and in vivo techniques to determine if local antigen deposition in the lung has a localized effect on immune phagocytosis by pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM). Using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, dogs were immunized in the left cardiac and left diaphragmatic lobes with sheep red blood cells (sRBC). The right cardiac and right diaphragmatic lobes of the same animals received saline as controls. Unimmunized dogs served as additional controls. On days 2, 6, 9, 13, and 16 after immunization, the left and right diaphragmatic lobes were lavaged, and the cells and fluids were analyzed in vitro. Opsonizing antibody in lavage fluids was first detectable at 6 days, peaked at 9–13 days, and was significantly higher in the immunized lobe than in the control lobe. Phagocytosis of sRBC caused by cytophilic antibody on PAM also peaked at 9 to 13 days. Significantly more cytophilic antibody activity was detected on day 9 in the immunized lobes, than in the control lobes. In vivo phagocytosis of sRBC was evaluated in the alveoli of immunized and control lobes of immunized dogs and a control lobe of unimmunized dogs. Phagocytosis of sRBC by PAM in the immunized lobes was about four times greater than that of the control lobes and about 40 times greater than that of a control lobe of an unimmunized dog. These results indicate that the local deposition of a particulate antigen in the lung had a localized effect on immune phagocytosis. These data suggest that the accumulation of antibody‐secreting cells in the alveolus may play a critical role in pulmonary defense mechanisms.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.483

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of nicotine on migration, extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes, and superoxide anion (O2) production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were studied. Nicotine (5 × 10−6to 5 × 10−4M) had no effect on random migration, chemotaxis to fMet‐Leu‐Phe, nor on chemokinesis induced by fMet‐Leu‐Phe. Nicotine, however, inhibited both extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes from PMN and O2production of PMN, both of which were induced by fMet‐Leu‐Phe and cytochalasin B. The inhibition of enzyme release and O2production by nicotine was not affected by atropine, hexame‐ thonium, or acetylβ‐methylcholine, suggesting a direct action of nicotine on PMN functions. It is presumed that nicotine does not affect PMN migration to inflammatory sites, but inhibits the microbicidal functions of PMN. Exposure to PMN to nicotine introduced into the body by smoking could suppress their functions. This might result in harmful influences on the host defense mechanism, including antitumor function.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.493

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors were cultured with biotin and concanavalin A (Con A) for varying periods up to 48 h. At the end of incubation, the percentages of total, active, and stable E‐rosettes were determined. The percentage of total E‐rosettes decreased significantly in the course of time in both cultures with biotin and Con A, but more slowly than in the control cultures. Biotin and Con A induced a significant increase in the number of high‐affinity E‐rosettes (aE‐RFC and sE‐RFC). Preincubation for 4 h in the presence of puromycin or actinomycin D inhibited biotin, and Con A stimulated E‐rosette formation. These results suggest that the effect of biotin on the T lymphocytes might be due to stimulation of protein synthesis and, perhaps, new receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC).

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.503

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A protein with interleukin 1 (IL‐1) activity was obtained from the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) and purified by ultrafiltration, Ultrogel AcA54 chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and discontinuous polyacrylam‐ ide gel electrophoresis. Like the pi 6.8 species of IL‐1 from human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM), the cell line IL‐1 has a molecular weight (Mw) of 14,000, a pL of 6.8, is heat labile, and does not bind to concanavalin A‐ Sepharose. Chemical modification of arginine residues by phenylglyoxal or sulfhydryl groups by N‐ethyl maleimide and iodoacetamide completely destroys the activity of IL‐1 from THP‐1 cells as well as that of the pl 6.8 component from PBM. In contrast, the pi 5.1 component of PBM IL‐1 is resistant to heat denaturation and sulfhydryl reagents, although it is totally inactivated by phenylglyoxal. IL‐1 from THP‐1 cells enhanced the proliferative response of the same subpopulations of PNA‐ thymocytes as IL‐1 from PBM. These observations suggest that IL‐1 derived from this cell line is similar to the IL‐1 pi 6.8 species produced by human monocytes, and distinct from the pi 5.1 species.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.511

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have shown that two human monocyte subsets can be isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors; these subsets possess different morphological, cytochemical, functional, and in vivo trafficking properties [1]. In this report, these two subsets were further characterized. One subset (intermediate monocytes, IM) has been shown to have significantly lower acid phosphatase activity and total cellular protein content as well as lower peroxidase activity when compared with another subset (regular monocytes, RM). The overall activation status of the two subsets (as determined by their alkaline phosphodiesterase activity) was identical. We also examined the capacity of these subsets to release various cytokines with or without polyriboinosinic and poly‐ ribocytidylic acid (Poly l:C) stimulation. There was no appreciable difference in their ability to release interferon (IFN), interleukin 1 (IL‐1), and prostaglandin E (PGE) without stimulation, while IM produced slightly, but significantly, higher amounts of colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) than RM. The amount of IFN released by IM in response to poly l:C was approximately three times higher than the amount of IFN released by RM. IL‐1 was also released in higher amounts by IM than by RM in response to poly l:C. IM were also found to release more CSF than RM in response to poly l:C. In contrast, it was noted that IM secrete significantly less PGE response to poly l:C than do RM. These findings indicate that two purified human monocyte subsets, distinguishable by maturation markers, differ significantly in their ability to release various cytokines after stimulation; this difference may be relevant to potential in vivo roles of these immunoregulatory cells.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.519

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fate and kinetics of monocytes, recruited to the liver by a single zymosan injection, were investigated by light (LM) and electron (EM) microscopy combined with peroxidase cytochemistry and latex phagocytosis. Ultrastructural and cytochemical differences between these cells and resident Kupffer cells persisted during a 7‐day period, demonstrating the existence of two types of hepatic mononuclear phagocytes. Both cell types exhibited a pronounced mitotic activity during their numerical increase. Next to peroxidase‐positive (POP) Kupffer cells and monocytes, peroxidase‐ negative (PON) mononuclear phagocytes were observed. These may represent a monocyte subset and/or possibly Kupffer cell precursors.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.531

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zymosan particle‐stimulatedβ‐galactosidase secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages was found to be inhibited by micromolar concentrations of adenosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP. Inhibition by all four agents was increased to approximately 80% by adding erythro‐9‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐nonyl) adenine (EHNA; 10μM) an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, to the incubation medium. The inhibition of lysosomal enzyme secretion by ATP, ADP, and AMP was reversed by addingα,β‐methylene ADP (100 μM), a 5′‐nucleotidase inhibitor, to the incubation medium. Inhibition by adenosine, however, was unaffected byα,β ‐methylene ADP indicating that the inhibition by AMP, ADP, and ATP only occurred after they had been converted to adenosine by cell surface phosphohydrolases, including 5′‐nucleotidase. Theophylline, a competitive antagonist of the binding of adenosine to plasma membrane adenosine receptors, failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of adenosine indicating the probable site of adenosine action to be intracellular. Other purine nucleosides, e.g., guanosine, and several purine and ribose‐ modified structural analogues of adenosine also inhibited zymosan‐stimulatedβ‐galactosidase secretion, while xanthosine and certain pyrimidine nucleosides, e.g., thymidine, were inactive in this respect.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.545

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Murine nonparenchymal liver cells from various genetic strains isolated by collagenase digestion and differential sedimentation contain both lymphocytes and macrophages. Nonparenchymal liver cells as well as spleen cells, mononuclear blood cells, and peritoneal exudate cells from C3HeB/FeJ mice were tested for natural cytotoxicity against YAC‐1 (sensitive to NK cells) and P815 (resistant to NK cells) tumor cell lines. Resident peritoneal exudate cells exerted no cytotoxicity against either tumor cell, whereas spleen and mononuclear blood cells lysed only YAC‐1. In contrast, nonparenchymal liver cells lysed both YAC‐1 (4 h) and P815 (18 h) tumor cells. Treatment of nonparenchymal liver cells with anti‐asialo GM1 and complement abolished the antitumor activity against both tumor cell lines but not the phagocytic activity. Nonadherent nonparenchymal liver cells exerted greater cytotoxicity against YAC‐1 tumor cells but little cytotoxicity against P815 tumor cells when compared with unfractionated cells. Adherent nonparenchymal liver cells (macrophages) from untreated mice exerted no antitumor activity against either tumor cell. In contrast, adherent nonparenchymal liver cells from Coryn‐ ebacterium parvum treated mice were directly cytotoxic to P815 tumor cells. Spleen cells that are normally not cytotoxic to P815 tumor cells (18 h) became cytotoxic when mixed with adherent nonparenchymal liver cells from untreated mice. These results indicate that the tumoricidal effector cell in nonparenchymal liver cells from untreated mice appears to be the NK cell. Apparently, murine liver marophages from untreated mice do not have tumoricidal activity per se but can “activate” NK cells to kill tumor cells normally resistant to NK cells.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.559

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cell‐free culture supernatant fluids rich in macrophage‐activating factor (MAF) activity were obtained from mitogen‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). The MAF preparations were incubated with human peripheral blood monocytes, rat alveolar macrophages (AM), and mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM). Only human monocytes were rendered tumorilytic against the human A375 melanoma cells, whereas rat AM or mouse PEM were not activated to lyse their respective syngeneic tumor targets. In contrast, once entrapped in multilamellar liposomes, the human MAF activated the human and rodent macrophages to become tumoricidal. The MAF activity was not due to contamination with endotoxins nor to the presence of gamma interferon. These data suggest that in contrast to macrophage surface receptors, which are species specific, the intracellular target sites for human MAF may cross species barriers.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.571

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human monocytes are multifaceted cells with a wide range of immunoregula‐ tory functions and distinct secretory products. This manuscript reports on initial attempts to identify specific early macromolecular synthetic events associated with various types of human monocyte activation by observing the patterns of RNA synthesis displayed by human monocytes that are exposed to well characterized activating stimuli. It was found that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), an activator of monocyte‐derived fibroblast growth factor (MD‐FGF) release from monocytes, also stimulates a reproducible increase in human monocyte total3H‐uridine incorporation and cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis at 4 h following activation. In contrast, polyriboinosinic acidrpolyribocytidilic acid (poly l:C), an excellent stimulator of monocyte alpha interferon (IFNa) release, did not cause a change in either3H‐uridine incorporation or cytoplasmic mRNA production at any of the time points tested. Poly l:C was also found to be a poor stimulator of MD‐FGF release. Conversely, MDP did not stimulate any detectable IFN release from human monocytes. The discrepancy between the patterns of macromolecular synthesis observed in human monocytes activated to secrete MD‐FGF as compared with IFN indicates that divergent postactivation control mechanisms may be operative at the RNA level in the monocyte following activation of these two distinct functions.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.37.5.585

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY