摘要:

An immunosuppressive agent (ISA) present in an aqueous extract from Listeria monocytogenes diminished the immune response in vivo to subsequently injected heterologous antigen. Intraperitoneal injection of ISA induced an inflammatory response and activation of the reticuloendothelial system, both of which coincided with the period of immune hyporesponsiveness. Mice treated with ISA exhibited increased accumulation of labelled antigen to phagocytic peritoneal cells but decreased delivery of labelled antigen to the spleen. Both delivery of antigen to spleen and the immune response could be improved by injecting either ISA or antigen or both intravenously, or by increasing the dose of antigen. The response of ISA‐treated animals could also be improved by intraperitoneal injection of latex beads, colloidal carbon, or carrageenan shortly (60 min) before immunization. Spleen cells from ISA‐treated mice adoptively transferred to irradiated syngeneic recipients were able to mount a normal immune response. These results suggest that ingestion of antigen by the enlarged population of phagocytes in peritoneal cavities of ISA‐treated mice prevented antigen delivery to the spleen and was partly responsible for the observed immunosuppression.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.143

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A qualitative and quantitative comparison of resident peritoneal macrophages (RPM) from beige (C57BL6Jbg/bg), (bg), and control black (C57BL/6J), (BL), mice has been made. Giant anomalous lysosomes as described for other leukocytes are inconsistently demonstrable. The principal morphological expression of the bg phenotype in RPM is the presence of elongated dumbbell‐shaped, horseshoe‐shaped, and ring‐formed cytoplasmic lysosomes demonstrable by electron microscopy. Detailed analysis indicates that these are probably variations of the same basic structure, a deformed biconcave disc with differences in form resulting from their being cut in various planes of section. Additional structural complexity results from fusion between adjacent lysosomes. Thus the distinctive lysosomes of bg mouse RPM are not totally analogous to those structures described in other cell types.A morphometric analysis of control RPM compared to those from bg animals shows a significant decrease in the lysosomal volume proportion from 5.8% to 5.0% (P<0.02) with a corresponding increase in the mitochondrial volume proportion in cells from bg animals (P<0.05). There are no differences between bg and controls in regard to cellular profile areas, nuclear profile areas, nuclear volume proportions, and the volume to surface ratios of either the average cell or nucleus. This study represents the first compilation by morphometric methods of total granule content in the bg animal and demonstrates the ability of these techniques to detect significant quantitative changes in cells as structurally complex as mononuclear phagocytes.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.157

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human venous blood, anticoagulated with EDTA, was layered onto a discontinuous Percoll gradient, made from solutions of density 1.088, 1.079, and 1.070 gm/ml. After centrifugation at 700g for 15 min at 22°C, the majority of the blood basophils was found in a narrow band at the density 1.070–1.079 interface (Percoll band 2). For 15 normal donors, mean total basophil number recovered from all locations in the gradient was 3.8±1.2 (SD) × 104basophils per ml of blood applied. Thus, 95% of the values ranged from 1.5 to 6 × 104, which compares favorably with the reported range of 1 to 8 × 104basophils per ml for normal subjects. In the basophil‐rich Percoll band 2, 2.8 ± 0.8 × 104basophils were recovered per ml of blood applied. The mean percentage of basophils in Percoll band 2 was 19%, with a range of 5 to 53%. Monocytes and neutrophils were present in very small numbers; the majority of accompanying cells were small lymphocytes.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.169

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have previously demonstrated that peritoneal macrophages (Mϕs) from C3H mice were resistant to in vitro infection by ectromelia virus, following activation by intraperitoneal injection of the immunomodulator Corynebacterium parvum. In contrast, resident and mineral oil‐elicited Mϕs were fully susceptible to virus infection. This report analyzes the infectious cycle of ectromelia virus in C parvum‐activated and mineral oil‐elicited Mϕs and demonstrates that an abortive infection occurred in the activated Mϕs that blocked the infectious cycle prior to the release of DNA from the infecting virions. The kinetics of adsorption of radiolabeled virus were similar in both susceptible and resistant Mϕcultures; however, viral‐induced incorporation of uridine and thymidine occurred only in the mineral oil‐elicited and not the C parvum‐activated Mϕs. In addition, the late protein hemagglutinin was only detected in infected cultures of susceptible mineral oil‐elicited Mϕs. An electron micrographic analysis of the infectious cycle indicated that the adsorption of virus to the plasma membrane, uptake into lysosomes, and the primary undercoating and release of viral cores into the Mϕcytoplasm were identical in both Mϕtypes. In contrast, secondary uncoating (release of genomic DNA from the viral cores into the cytoplasm) was never detected in infected C parvum Mϕs. These data are consistent with our previous findings and with the hypothesis that activation of Mϕs by C parvum induces an interferon‐mediated resistance to ectromelia virus infection.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.179

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acquired resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is thought to require immunologically activated macrophages. Using peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmunized mice in a suspension bactericidal assay, however, we found that peritoneal neutrophils obtained early during the inflammatory process (4 hr after elicitation) and macrophages obtained later during inflammation (maximal listericidal activity at 48 hr after elicitation) were able to kill Listeria in vitro. The kinetics of expression of bactericidal activity by inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages against both L monocytogenes and E coli were similar. Although intraperitoneal immunization or intravenous hyperimmunization markedly enhanced resistance of mice to Listeria in vivo, immunization did not increase the ability of inflammatory peritoneal phagocytes to kill Listeria in vitro. However, in response to intraperitoneal injection of proteose‐peptone or dead Listeria, immunized mice mobilized more neutrophils and monocytes into the inflamed peritoneum. These data suggest that, rather than systemic activation of mononuclear phagocyte bactericidal activity, increased mobilization of neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes into sites of infection may be of prime importance in resistance to listeriosis.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.193

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The blood clearance of51Cr‐labeled heat‐killed Salmonella pullorum was generally biphasic and exponential for each phase. Starvation had little significant effect on this pattern, although the rate of first phase clearance was probably slower. Raising the water temperature from 8°C to 18°C enhanced the rate of clearance of the second phase to almost exactly double that at 8°C. At 18 hr postinoculation, the spleen contained much more radioactivity per gm than any other tissue. This finding is in marked contrast to earlier work that showed that at 1 hr postinoculation, the kidney contained the most, and it suggests that redistribution of bacteria occurred. The most distinct effect of temperature stress on tissue localization of bacteria was in the heart: A rising temperature stress caused increased numbers of bacteria to localize within the heart. Less clear‐cut changes were also seen in other tissues with different treatments.With the possible exception of starvation effecting a slower first phase clearance rate, we have been unable to demonstrate that the vascular clearance mechanisms, including the reticuloendothelial system, are significantly compromised by raising the water temperature or by starvation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.209

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation in vitro is associated with marked enhancement in the capacity to bind and lyse antibody‐opsonized red blood cells (rbc). We previously demonstrated that this was due in part to an increased number of Fc receptors. The current study further characterized the mechanism of this enhanced macrophage as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We observed that 1) macrophages but not monocytes lysed “innocent bystander” rbc as well as opsonized rbc; 2) macrophages exhibited an increased hexose monophosphate shunt activity compared to monocytes; 3) macrophage produced H2O2but not OH·; and 4) macrophage lyses of opsonized rbc were 80% O2dependent. We conclude that human monocyte‐to‐macrophage maturation in vitro is associated with an enhanced O2‐dependent cytotoxic mechanism normally present in monocytes. The enhanced H2O2production noted in macrophages may reflect an increased generation of several other reactive oxygen species in these cells. One of these oxygen radicals may be the mediator of the enhanced macrophage cytotoxicity and of the “innocent bystander” phenomenon observed.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.217

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Macrophage cytotoxin (MCT) can be induced from peritoneal exudate macrophage monolayers (PEMM) obtained from thioglycollate‐treated mice, by exposure of PEMM to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or to double‐stranded polyinosinic: poly‐cytidylic acid (poly‐l:poly‐C). MCT is highly labile even upon storage at 4°C, and is irreversibly denatured by isolectricfocusing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or by exposure to ethylene glycol. α‐MCT [150,000 daltons (d)] has been highly purified (2,000‐ to 5,000‐fold) from serum‐free, PEMM supernatants by a scheme of concentration, molecular sieving on Ultrogel AcA 44, negative hydrophobic affinity chromatography on benzyl‐agarose, and ion exchange chromatography on aminoethyl‐agarose. The scheme results in high yield of MCT, in part because of the rapidity with which the labile toxin is manipulated due to the tandemization of the chromatographic steps.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.229

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.2.239

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY