摘要:

Lysosomotropic fluorescent aminoacridines such as acridine orange and quin‐ acrine have achieved prominence as markers for studying lysosome‐phago‐ some fusion, especially in macrophages. Experiments described demonstrate that because the aminoacridines traverse biological membranes with facility, they diffuse throughout the system, and ultimately accumulate intra‐ or extra‐ cellularly where they are most efficiently bound. Their presence or absence in phagosomes is therefore not unequivocally indicative of fusion or nonfusion. Alternative fluorescent lysosomal markers are described, and systems defined for which the aminoacridines may probably be used with confidence.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.273

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Macrophage populations may be induced to express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities following exposure to certain stimuli. An understanding of the differences in the stimulatory mechanisms and in the characteristics of the macrophages they affect will be facilitated by comparing functional activities of various macrophage populations. The experiments described here were conducted to determine whether injection of a single stimulus necessarily drives cells to express both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities or whether selected reagents can drive cells to express one activity without expressing the other. The data show that a single population of mouse or hamster peritoneal exudate cells obtained following injection of proteose peptone is bactericidal for Listeria monocytogenes and for E. coli, but is not tumoricidal for TCMK‐1, Ad2HE3, or mKS‐A TU‐5 target cells. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells collected after injection of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) organisms are always highly tumoricidal, and either show no effect on Listeria monocytogenes or E. coli, or are at best bacteriostatic. Data indicate that the effector cells in these assays are macrophages, that the dissociation of tumoricidal and bactericidal activity occurs over a wide dose range, and that the tumoricidal capabilities are not artifacts of the assay system. These results suggest that a given macrophage population may preferentially express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities depending on the stimulus used.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.293

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Salivary‐type amylase normally comprises about 60% of the amylase activity in human serum, but only a small fraction is a glycosylated isoenzyme (amylase A). In contrast, 1/3 of amylase in human saliva is glycosylated. Since glycosylate can affect circulatory clearance, we studied the clearance of amylase A in rats and its uptake by rat alveolar macrophages. Following intravenous injection,125l‐labeled amylase A disappeared rapidly from plasma (t 1/2 = 9 min) and accumulated in the liver. Simultaneous injection of mannose‐albumin slowed its clearance to a rate comparable to that of125l‐labeled nonglycosylated salivary amylase (t 1/2=45 min). In contrast, galactose‐albumin had no effect. Electron microscope autoradiography of the liver following injection of125l‐labeled amylase A revealed a localization of grains over the hepatic endothelial cells. In vitro studies indicated that amylase A is taken up by alveolar macrophages via receptor‐mediated pinocytosis. Uptake was linear over time, saturable, and inhibited by mannan and mannose‐albumin, but not by galactose‐ albumin. We conclude that amylase A, which is a naturally occurring human glycoprotein with at most three terminal L‐fucose residues per molecule, is recognized in rats by a mannose receptor located on hepatic endothelial cells. We speculate that this receptor, by rapidly clearing circulating amylase A, may be responsible for the low level of amylase A in human serum.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.307

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Specific pathogen‐free LBN rats were parabiotically linked and the monocyte donor animal was labeled with multiple pulses of tritiated thymidine (1 µCi/g body weight). The right‐hand (recipient) rat lungs were infected with 105viable Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) Pasteur by the intravenous, aerogenic, or intratracheal routes. Control animals received heat‐killed BCG or saline only, given intratracheally. The BCG infection resulted in a ten‐fold increase in the number of heavily labeled, blood‐derived monocytes recovered 24 hr later in the lung lavage fluid. The percentage of labeled cells peaked on day 3 and then declined slowly. Introduction of heat‐killed BCG into the lung produced a smaller mononuclear cell influx but a marked polymorphonuclear phagocyte response that persisted for several days. The labeled monocyte counts for the infected recipient rat lung washouts were five to ten times those for the uninfected donor parabiont, except when the aerogenic infection route was used, when both donor and recipient rats were equally infected and both showed substantial increases in labeled monocytes in the lung washouts.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.321

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have examined the effects of free fatty acids on the unstimulated and N‐ formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe) stimulated rabbit neutrophil aggregation and degranulation. As previously reported, arachidonic acid was found to induce by itself an aggregatory response, and in the presence of cytochalasin B, a degranulation response from the neutrophils. The aggregatory property, but not the secretory activity of arachidonic acid, was shared by oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, linoelaidic acid, and lauric acid but not by elaidic acid, caproic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid. In addition, several free fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and linoelaidic acid) were found to inhibit the aggregatory and secretory responses of the neutrophils to the addition of f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe. Caproic acid and lauric acid were found to stimulate to a small extent the aggregatory response of the neutrophils to f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe and to leave unaffected their secretory response. Elaidic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid, on the other hand, left both stimulated responses unaffected. These results demonstrate that at least two neutrophil functions can be modulated (both positively and negatively) by free fatty acids.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.333

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the past 25 years there has been an ever‐expanding interest in the mediators that control the immune response [98,133], One of these is produced by macrophages and was first called “lymphocyte activating factor” [49–51]but is now designated “interleukin‐1” (IL‐1) [118]. As the physical characteristics of IL‐1 began to be described, it was noted that they were similar to those of endogenous pyrogen (EP) [128][151] and leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) [85]. Since then, many of the biochemical changes that occur in the host during infection, inflammation, or neoplasia have been attributed to this unique family of monokines. In this review, the family of monokines that has similar physical and biological properties will be referred to as EP/LEM/IL‐1. When only one biological activity was measured, the designation will be for that activity. It will be the purpose of this review to examine the evidence that suggests that EP/ LEM/IL‐1 has numerous biological activites and to describe its chemical and biological properties, species specificity, and possible sites of action. Finally, I will attempt to address the issue of why there might be a closely related group of mediators with such a broad range of biological activities.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.341

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of recombinant inbred mouse strains (currently 48) have been developed from the strains A/J and C57BL/6J. These strains are likely to become an excellent probe in the study of genetic mechanisms underlying host resistance to infections and tumors.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.357

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.365

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.36.3.453

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY