ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To examine the effect of energy restriction and wrestling on muscle glycogen content in highly-trained male wrestlers.Randomized, unblinded intervention trial.McMaster University Nutrition and Metabolism Research Laboratory.Twelve highly trained male wrestlers volunteered as subjects and were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Group A,n= 6; Group B,n= 6) as defined below.All subjects were free of medical conditions that would preclude participation in the study and all had performed rapid weight loss at least three times/year with no medical complications.Group A: simulated wrestling tournament, four 5-min wrestling bouts (> 7 h) following a 5% body weight loss and 17 h repletion period; Group B: 5% weight loss through energy restriction (1,141 kcal/day), exercise, fluid restriction, and dehydration methods (sauna) > 72 h.Group A: muscle glycogen content before and after wrestling tournament and plasma lactate after each bout; Group B: muscle glycogen before and after weight loss.Group A: no significant effect on muscle glycogen concentration, yet large increases were observed in blood lactate concentrations (up to 14.7 mmol/L); Group B: weight loss resulted in a 54% (p< 0.018) reduction in muscle glycogen concentration.The weight loss methods commonly performed by wrestlers resulted in large decreases in muscle glycogen concentration that were largely reversed during the 17-h repletion period between weigh-in and the start of the competition; participation in a wrestling tournament did not have a significant impact upon biceps brachii glycogen concentration when ad libitum feeding is allowed between matches.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To review the cases of stress fracture seen over a 2-year period at a sports medicine clinic.One hundred and eighty cases diagnosed as stress fractures on the basis of clinical picture and radiological evidence were reviewed. The following features of each stress fracture were noted: age, sex, site, sport/activity.A sports medicine centre in Melbourne, Australia.The average age was 21.8 years. Seventy eight of these stress fractures were seen in women, 102 in men.The most common sites of stress fractures were the metatarsal bones (n = 42), tibia (n = 36), fibula (n = 30), tarsal navicular (n = 26) and pars interarticularis (n = 17). The most common sport was track (n = 54). Other common sports activities were jogging/distance running (n = 35), dance (n = 32) and Australian football (n = 14). The distribution of sites of stress fractures varied from sport to sport. Among the track athletes (n = 54), navicular (n = 19), tibia (n = 14) and metatarsal (n = 9) were the most common stress fracture sites. The distance runners (n = 35) predominantly sustained tibia (n = 15), and fibula (n = 8) stress fractures, while metatarsal stress fractures (n = 18) were the most common among dancers. The distribution of sports varied with the site of the stress fracture. In the metatarsal stress fractures (n = 42), dance was the most common activity. Distance running (n = 15) and track (n = 14) were the most common sports in the group to have sustained tibia stress fractures (n = 36). Track athletes (n = 14) were particularly prevalent in the navicular stress fracture group (n = 26).The distribution of sites of stress fractures in this study shows some differences from previously published studies.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To use a practical battery of eight neuropsy-chological tests for the detection of an association between amateur boxing and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.A controlled prospective neuropsychological study over a 15–18-month period.Dublin, Ireland. March 1992 to September 1993.Twenty experienced actively competing amateur boxers and 20 controls matched for age and socioeconomic status.Participation in competitive amateur boxing and training.Absolute scores, and changes in scores, in the neuropsychological tests.At the end of the study period, the boxers performed significantly better then the controls in both the Trail-Making Tests A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B), whereas the control group's scores for the Finger Tapping Tests (FTT) were significantly higher than those of the boxers. The boxer's scores for the dominant-hand FTT showed a significant deterioration, but there was no association between this change and boxing exposure.There was no evidence of neuropsychological impairment in the boxers as compared with socioeconomically, educationally and age-matched controls, and there was no association between boxing exposure and performances in any of the neuropsychological tests used. There is accumulating evidence that amateur boxing is not associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy but longer term prospective studies are needed.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the incidence, pattern, and severity of injuries resulting from participation in amateur boxing.A prospective 5-month survey of injuries which occurred during competitive amateur boxing and training.Amateur boxing competitions held in Dublin between November 1992 and March 1993, and the six largest amateur boxing clubs in Dublin.All the competitors in the tournaments and the > 16 year old members of the boxing clubs.Participation in competitive amateur bouts and/or boxing training.Incidence, pattern, and severity of injuries sustained in competition and training.The incidence of injuries in competition was 0.92 injuries per man-hour of play (or 0.7 injuries per boxer per year), while the incidence in training was 0.69 injuries per boxer per year. Cerebral injuries were reported only in competition, most of these being mild concussion. Hand, wrist and facial injuries were related to direct impact and occurred more frequently in competition than training, while injuries to other body parts were predominantly chronic and training-associated. Shoulder and knee injuries were the most debilitating injuries seen.The yearly risk of injury resulting from participation in amateur boxing is relatively low when compared with other sports. Cerebral injuries, which occur almost exclusively in competition, are predominantly mild concussions.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To identify bicycle-related injuries in children and the effect of helmet use on injury patterns and prevention.A prospective cohort of injured, children with case-control design looking at serious head injuries and helmet use.A tertiary care childrens' hospital emergency room.All patients presenting between April 1, 1991 and September 30, 1993, between the ages of 3 and 16 years, with bicycle-related injuries were included.The Childrens' Hospital Injury Research and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) Database was used. Standardized information collected on each child included age and sex of the child; nature, location, and time of accident/injury; whether any safety devices were being used at the time of the accident; and the attending physician's determination of the injury (s) and treatment rendered.Injuries were categorized as major or minor, based upon a consensus of the authors, in a retrospective fashion.Separate bicycle accidents (n = 699) were recorded resulting in 856 injuries. Only 13.7% of the children were wearing helmets at the time of their accidents. Seventy-six serious head injuries were recorded. The risk of serious head injury was significantly greater when a helmet was not worn (X20.0 1 <p< 0.05) This represents an odds ratio of 3.12 [confidence interval (CI) = 95% 1. 13–8.75]. There was no significant difference in terms of serious injuries overall comparing helmeted and nonhelmeted children (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.72–1.72).Helmets afford a protective effect with respect to serious head injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study we investigated the association between the introduction of the checking-from-behind rule (CFB) in the Ontario University Athletic Association (OUAA) hockey league and player safety.Injury and penalty data were collected for the 3 years prior to and the 3 years following the introduction of the CFB rule in 1989.There were 653 injury records and 389 penalty records for 3 OUAA teams that had complete records for the 6 years.In the absence of any a priori evidence, the null hypotheses of no association between the CFB rule and injuries or penalties, apart from a logical assumption that there would be a pre-/post difference in CFB penalties, were tested.Although the injury rates for each of the body segments (heat/neck, back, shoulder) demonstrated a significant independence (X2= 56.66,df= 2,p< 0.001) from each other in relation to the pre-/post rule period, only the CFB penalty rates exhibited significant independence (X2= 16.58,df= 2,p< 0.001) from body contact and stick-related penalties.These findings suggest that the introduction of the CFB rule was related to a safer playing environment as reflected by pre-/post rule decrease in two of three categories of injury, increased CFB penalty rates, and the absence of significant association between the CFB rule and the decreases in body contact penalties and stick-related infractions. It appears that the medical community, with the supporting clinical data demonstrating CFB-related injuries, has helped create enhanced safety without significantly changing player behavior.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To evaluate how physician factors such as weight, exercise habits, and humanistic traits could influence patient willingness to comply with exercise recommendations.Survey questionnaire.University-based Family Medicine Clinic.411 consecutive established patients of the Family Medicine Clinic.Selected Physician characteristics that patients believed would increase their willingness to comply with exercise recommendations. Results were compared with patient demographics to determine possible effects of physician characteristics on patients acceptance of exercise recommendations.Patients with higher education levels could be positively influenced by a physician being of appropriate weight, a regular exerciser, and a nonsmoker, and enlisting use of other experts, negotiating an exercise program, providing exercise counseling, and being their primary provider. Patients with higher income levels could be positively related to a physician's being of appropriate weight, and a nonsmoker, negotiating an exercise program, and enlisting use of other experts. Female patients could be positively influenced by physicians being well groomed, well dressed, accessible, and good listeners. Patients who regularly exercise could be positively influenced by a physician's appropriate weight and exercise regimen.Physicians may have a positive impact on patient willingness to comply by prescribing exercise and providing education and detailed guidance for all candidates. The study also showed that physicians' negotiating exercise programs and being good “exercise” role models is very important.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To pilot test an exercise-induced asthma (EIA) screening program using a submaximal step-test and pulmonary function test (PFT) to identify athletes with EIA and to determine if a physical examination or self-reported history could be used to predict the existence of EIA.Screening and diagnostic testing using a convenience sample.Birmingham, Alabama, during athletic preparticipation examination (PPE).Fifty-two African-American, male football players aged 14–18 years being evaluated for participation in scholastic athletics. No athlete refused participation. Four were excluded because of need for further evaluation unrelated to any pulmonary condition.Each athlete completed a medical history, allergy history, physical examination, preexercise pulmonary function test (PFT), submaximal step-test, and a series of postexercise PFTs.Major outcome measurements were changes in forced expiration volume in Is (FEV1) or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) after completing an exercise challenge.Seventeen of 48 athletes had a ≥ 15% decrease in PEFR after exercise. Nine of 48 athletes had a ≥ 15% decrease in FEV1 after exercise. The only self-reported item that differentiated subjects with normal and abnormal PFTs was a personal history of asthma (p < 0.05).Many athletes can be identified as having abnormal PFTs by use of a submaximal step-test as an exercise challenge. Self-reporting questionnaires and PPEs do not appear to be sensitive enough to identify athletes with this condition. if validated by future studies, this protocol could be used for the diagnosis of EIA.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID