摘要:

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether arthrosis begins at an unusually early age in professional dancers; if there is an association between hypermobility and osteoarthrosis in dancers; and if osteoarthrosis is a contributing factor to retirement from a professional career in this population.DesignDance and injury history; physical examinations of back, lower extremities, and ligamentous laxity; and radiographs of lower extremity joints were performed in retired dancers. The dancers' radiographs were compared to those of age-matched nondancers. The radiologist was blinded to the origin of the radiographs.ParticipantsFourteen retired dancers aged 27 to 46 years who had performed professionally for a minimum of 10 years were included in the study. Thirty-six age-matched nondancers with injuries or pain in various lower extremity joints were used as controls.Main Outcome MeasuresThis study measured radio-graphic findings of osteoarthrosis, including sclerosis joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and subchondral cysts; hyper-mobility (after Klemp) as manifested by >3 of 5 tests being positive; and the dancers' reasons for retirement.ResultsChanges of arthrosis were found in 34 of 56 joints in 14 dancers and in 3 of 36 joints in 36 nondancers. Hip calcifications were found in 10 hips in 7 dancers and in 1 nondancer's hip. None of the participants in this study was hypermobile or had retired because of arthrosis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of arthrosis in knees, ankles, and first metatarsophalangeal joints in young dancers was increased when compared to that of nondancers in the same age group. Arthrosis does not necessarily cause retirement from a performance career.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of skill, as represented by NCAA division level, to anterior cruciate ligament rupture in collegiate men's and women's basketball and soccer players. Design: Randomized, retrospective.ParticipantsWomen's and men's basketball and soccer players at NCAA Division I, II, and III institutions.Main Outcome MeasureAthletes with or without ACL injury.ResultsThere was no relationship of ACL injury rate to NCAA division level in men's or women's basketball or soccer.Conclusions: There are many different variables that contribute to a player's skill level. Although these variables may relate to ACL injury and may be responsible for the differential in injury rate between men and women, skill level as represented by collegiate division does not relate to ACL injury. When considering possible etiologies of the differential in ACL injury rates between men and women, the use of the term “skill” should be avoided, and more specific terms used.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of cold application with different temperatures on lymph flow in healthy persons and to examine the effects of the combination of cold and compression on lymph vessels.ParticipantsThirty-nine healthy persons were included in the study, and each served as his or her own control. Intervention: Water bags (1|Mo, 15|Mo, and 32|Mo) with or without 25 mm Hg pressure were applied to the experimental legs for 30 minutes. Cold, pressure, or both were administered by an Aircast-Cryo-cuff (Aircast Europe GMBH, Rosenheim, Germany).Main Outcome MeasuresSkin temperature was measured with a TESTO 901 (Testoterm GMBH, Leuven, Belgium) precision thermometer. Lymph flow was recorded continuously using lymphoscintigraphy. MANOVA with repeated measures was used for data analysis.ResultsAs expected, skin temperature dropped relative to the temperature of the water. The migration of the tracer was comparable in both ankles during the first 30 minutes of the experiment (rest). When the water bag was applied, lymph flow increased significantly (p >0.01). The application of water of 1|MoC without pressure influenced lymph evacuation significantly differently from the other temperatures. The application of pressure of 25 mm Hg influenced lymph evacuation significantly at 1|MoC and 32|MoC.ConclusionThese results indicate that lymph evacuation at the ankle is influenced significantly when cold water is applied with or without pressure. When pressure is added to the application of water of 32|MoC, lymph flow will also increase significantly, indicating the importance of pressure in lymph evacuation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective: To examine and compare the exercise cardiac function of endurance-trained (ET) women and men. Participants: Six ET women aged 20 to 29 years (mean VO2max = 64 ml ± kg ± min-I) and 9 ET men aged 20 to 29 years (mean VO2max = 69 ml ± kg-I± min-I) were included in the study.Main Outcome Measures: Cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), diastolic filling rate (DFR), and left ventricular ejection rate (LVER) were compared at rest and during exercise at heart rates (HRs) of 110, 130, 150, 170 bpm, and max. Resting blood volume (BV) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) were also compared.Results: Compared to women, men had a higher BV and [Hb]. At HRmax, men had a higher Q (31.0 |Mp 0.6 versus 24.1 |Mp 0.9 1 ± min-I), SV, DFR, and LVER than women. When expressed relative to body mass (kg), there were no gender differences in SVmax, and women had a significantly highera-v DO2max (-19|X%) than men. The SV of the men and women did not plateau at a submaximal level but continued to increase progressively to HRmax. During maximal exercise, the DFR was significantly faster than the LVER in the men and the women.Conclusions: When ET men and women are matched for body mass, the gender difference in SVmax is reduced so that it is no longer statistically significant. However, there are still significant gender differences in Q, DFR, LVER, BV, and [Hb] that contribute to a higher VO2max (ml ± kg−I± min-I) in ET men compared to women. To augment SVmax, women and men rely to a greater extent on diastolic filling than on left ventricular emptying.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo document injury rates in professional rugby players in the Rugby Super 12 competition and to act as a pilot study for future studies of rugby injuries.DesignProspective longitudinal study encompassing the 1997 Super 12 rugby season.Setting: A New Zealand Super 12 rugby squad.Patients and participants25 professional rugby players (replacement players were used for unavailable players, so although 30 different players were used during the season, there were only 25 in the squad at any one time).Outcome measuresAn “injury” was defined as something that prevented a player from taking part in two training sessions, from playing the next week, or something requiring special medical treatment (suturing or special investigations). An injury was “significant” if it prevented the player from being able to play one week after sustaining it (that is, if it made the player miss the next match).ResultsThe overall injury rate was 120/1000 player hours. The rate of significant injuries was 45/1000 player hours. Those playing the position of “forward” had a higher overall injuryrate than other players, but there was no difference in significant injury rate between the forwards and the backs. Injuries that caused players to miss game time occurred almost exclusively during the pre-season program or in the final third of the season. The majority of injuries were musculo-tendinous sprains or strains. The phase of play responsible for the majority of injuries was the tackle. The most frequently injured body part was the head and face. No catastrophic injuries occurred during the study period.ConclusionsInjury rates increase with increasing grade of rugby, injury rates in the Super 12 competition being higher than in first grade rugby. There is very little quality data on rugby injuries, and the few studies available use different methods of data collection and injury definition. There is a pressing need for the collection of accurate ongoing epidemiological data on injuries in rugby.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo review and summarize the current data on oral creatine supplementation regarding its potential efficacy in athletic performance, mechanism of action, and metabolism.Data sources and study selectionMedline was searched using terms relating creatine supplementation to athletic performance. Studies that evaluated the effects of oral creatine supplementation on exercise performance in humans were selected for inclusion. Selected studies on muscle metabolism and exercise physiology were included if they provided useful information relative to creatine. Additional references were reviewed from the bibliographies of selected studies.Data extraction and synthesisTo summarize efficacy, extracted data were listed in table format, grouping studies together by type of activity and efficacy on performance. Whenever possible, the effect of creatine supplementation was quantified. Proposed explanations for creatine's efficacy or lack thereof in a particular type of activity were formulated.ConclusionsIn laboratory settings, creatine supplementation is ergogenic in repeated 6–30-second bouts of maximal stationary cycling sprints. The data on a single sprint or first-bout sprint of any kind are inconsistent. The data regarding creatine's ergogenic effects on mass-dependent activities, such as running and swimming, are not convincing, perhaps because of the side effect of weight gain from water retention. Studies on weight lifting suggest that creatine improves strength, possibly by increasing myofibrillar protein synthesis; however, more study is needed to prove this. No ergogenic effects on submaximal or endurance exercise are evident. Individual response to creatine supplementation can vary greatly.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo critically review the current data concerning potential safety concerns of oral creatine supplementation. Data sources and study selection: Medline was searched using keyword to locate published works relating to creatine supplementation and adverse effects. Abstracts that specifically studied potential adverse effects of creatine were also utilized, as were human and animal studies of creatine metabolism in various organ systems.Data extraction and synthesisSpecific data from studies that investigated creatine's side effects and metabolism were grouped by organ system to better describe potential safety issues.ConclusionsCreatine supplementation results in weight gain due to water retention, which may impede performance in mass-dependent activities such as running and swimming. Al-though short-term use (fewer than 28 days) at recommended doses has not been shown to cause significant adverse effects, the studies on which this is based involved small numbers of subjects, and none of the studies provided a sample size calculation. Furthermore, despite the fact that creatine is normally found in cardiac muscle, brain, and testes, these areas remain essentially unstudied with respect to oral creatine supplementation. Future studies should include large randomized controlled trials evaluating the short and long term effects of oral creatine supplementation on the renal and hepatic systems, as well as the many other organ systems in which creatine plays a metabolic role.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID