ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractPatellar tendinitis, or “jumper's knee,” is a repetitive overload lesion that occurs most commonly in athletes whose sport involves eccentric loading of the patellar tendon. The prevalence of this disease is rising because of increased participation in sports, but our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete. The lesion shows microtears of the tendinous tissue, devitalization, and areas of focal degeneration commonly found near the bone-tendon insertion point. Though tendon imaging staging has now been proposed, staging and treatment regimens have been based solely on subjective clinical data. Therapy ranges from rest to surgical intervention. Because few controlled studies have been undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different treatments, management of the disease varies depending on the physician. Effective prevention and therapy for the future require quantitative studies of the pathophysiology of this disease.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of muscle stretching on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Two experiments were conducted, with 10 healthy, sedentary subjects in each. In the first, subjects performed the stretches before the DOMS-producing exercise; in the second, subjects performed the stretches after exercise. Each subject performed 10 1-min stretches of the hamstring muscles of one leg. The other leg acted as the control. The DOMS-producing exercise was three sets of 20 maximal concentric and eccentric contractions of the hamstrings performed on both legs. The subjects rated the pain they experienced in each leg every 12 h for the next 72 h on a visual analog scale (VAS). In the second experiment, pain threshold of the hamstrings and height of straight leg raise (SLR) were also measured at 0 and 48 h. In both experiments, analysts of variance revealed a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the VAS over time, but not between legs. Results were the same for the pain threshold and SLR measurements in the second experiment. It is concluded that a stretching protocol, performed before or after eccentric exercise, does not reduce DOMS.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the ability of maximum grip strength (MG) and pain-free grip strength (PFG) to assess valid change over time in patients with lateral epicondylitis at the elbow. Fifty-four consecutive lateral epicondylitis cases who attended a primary care sports medicine clinic and met the eligibility criteria took part in this study. MG, PFG, and pain intensity were assessed at the patients' initial and follow-up visits. At the follow-up assessment patients were asked to complete a five-point global rating scale which inquired about their perceived change. Also, an independent rating of clinically important improvement was assigned to each patient by the physician assessor. Correlations were computed comparing the change scores of MG, PFG, pain, and the patients' global ratings. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using the physician's rating of important change. ROC curve areas for PFG and MG were 0.96 and 0.63, respectively. The results show that PFG is the preferred measure.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical efficacy and safety of deproteinized hemodialysate from calf blood (Actovegin) was tested in the treatment of Achilles paratendinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric study. Both study groups (with 30 patients each) were homogeneous at the beginning of the study with respect to the study variables. Each patient received three injections into the paratendinous sliding tissue at intervals of 3–5 days. The results showed a highly significant difference between the two study groups with respect to the primary variable “Achilles tendon diameter.” With regard to stress from full athletic activity, the subjective symptoms improved significantly faster with drug therapy compared with placebo treatment. Pain reduction in the drug group was likewise significantly higher than that observed in the placebo group. Correlating to the clinical results, the patients' assessment of therapeutic success also demonstrated significant superiority of the drug group. No adverse drug effects were observed in the framework of the present study.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractA clinical survey was made of 275 consecutive overuse injuries of the Achilles tendon in 228 patients (170 men; 58 women) operated on during the period 1980–1989 at the Clinic of Sports Medicine, Deaconess Institute of Oulu, Finland, (prospective material) and at the Department of Surgery of Oulu University Central Hospital (retrospective material); 60% of patients lived in Northern Finland, 22% elsewhere in Finland, and 18% abroad. Their mean age was 32 years, and 11.8% were athletes at the international level, 28.5% at the national level, and 19.7% at a district level; 39.5% were recreational athletes. There were more long- and middle-distance runners, joggers, and orienteers than other athletes. All the patients had undergone combinations of different modes of conservative treatment. The results of the operative treatment were excellent or good in 73.4% of cases, fair in 78.5%, and poor in 8.0%. There were 34 complications, of which 29 were wound complications; eight of these were treated surgically with good results. Thirty reoperations were needed by 22 patients because of recurrence of pain or operative failure. The total results including those of reoperations, were excellent or good in 219 cases (79.7%), fair in 54 (19.6%), and poor in 2 (0.7%).

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine reliability of thigh muscle strength measurements in healthy preadolescent girls and establish baseline strength data for this population. We utilized a test-retest design. Knee flexor and extensor torques were measured on Kinetic Communicator (Kin-Com) isokinetic dynamometers and repeated within 2 weeks in 31 girls. Comparisons were made of peak torques for test-retest, dominant and nondominant limbs, and eccentric versus concentric contractions. Our results indicate eccentric torques were significantly greater than concentric. The test-retest data showed significant differences for 0.41–0.79 for all measurements undertaken. In conclusion, Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometers are moderately reliable in the preadolescent female age group. This is the lower limit of usefulness for these machines.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research has shown that it is difficult effectively to reduce cervical compression under conditions of axial loading. In this study, the effect on the magnitude of cervical compression of diverting the line of action of the axial force, through lateral bending of the head at impact, was examined. Collision simulations were conducted with a Hybrid HI anthropometric test dummy (ATD) propelled head first to strike a rigid barrier. The barrier had been placed to produce angles of incidence of 70° and 50° to the ATD's line of flight. Compressive and shear forces and moments of force were obtained from a three-axis force-and-moment transducer located at the atlanto-occipital junction of the ATD. A postprocessing model was developed to predict the loading on each segment of the ATD neck. Displacement data were obtained from an infrared imaging system using two cameras placed 60° apart, and infrared light-emitting diodes were fixed to the metal rings of the ATD neck. The collision simulations were also filmed at 500 frames per second to provide a top-coronal-plane view of the ATD under impact. Impact analysis snowed large compressive forces (>4,000 N) and large shear forces (600–1,200 N) on the ATD segments for the 70° impacts. For the 50° impacts, however, the compression force (2,200 N) was markedly reduced as were the shear forces (300–450 N). Film observation confirmed that for the 70° impacts, the head was constrained on the impact surface, trapping the neck between the fixed head and moving torso. For the 50° condition, the head was free to move in a lateral direction, the neck was not trapped, and the compression force was substantially lowered. These results suggest that neck compression can be reduced in the ATD provided there is enough lateral bending. Whether shear forces and the moments of force produced by the lateral bending can be supported in real life by the cervical column (e.g., ligaments, disks, and muscles) requires further investigation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the effect of a wedge placed between the cycling shoe and the pedal on the kinematics of coronal-plane knee motion during steady-rate cycling. The subjects (n = 28) were filmed in the frontal plane as they rode their own bicycles mounted on stationary trainer. The pedaling rate was 90 rpm, and the load was adjusted to be similar to a moderate training pace. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 15) rode a single time with the pedals in their normal position, whereas the second group (n = 13) made three rides: one with the pedal in its normal orientation, one with a 10° varus wedge between the pedal and shoe, and one with a 10° valgus wedge between the pedal and shoe. The paths of high-contrast markers (placed on each tibial tuberosity and one on the center of each pedal, as seen from the front) were recorded using 16-mm film. These data were digitized, and a value for the range of excursion and the axis of movement of the tibial marker on the left and right legs was determined. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was no significant difference in the range of motion across the three conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA of the shift in the vertical axis of the knee path was significant for one side but not the other. The data indicated that the wedge had the desired effect of moving the vertical axis of knee motion either away from or closer to the frame. It was concluded that wedging the foot on the pedal would not necessarily produce the desired results, as each rider might choose a different adjustment.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractWe dissected 10 cadaver knee joints to determine the exact site, shape, and width of attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament. The tibial attachment was on the sloping posterior portion of the tibial intercondylar area and extended 11.5–17.3 mm distal to the tibial plateau. The femoral attachment was to the antero-inferior portion of the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle. The tibial attachment was oval and averaged 11.9 mm. The fan-shaped femoral attachment was, on average, 1.7 times wider than the tibial. In each knee, the posterior cruciate ligament was split into six longitudinal fibre bundles. The distance between the femoral and tibial attachment of each bundle was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 130° of knee flexion. No part of the posterior cruciate ligament remained the same length during knee flexion. The greatest change in tibio-femoral distance occurred in the fibres that were attached distally on the femur and anteriorly on the tibia; the least change occurred in fibres attached proximally on the femur and posteriorly on the tibia. These results can be used during reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament to help the surgeon determine the best site for attaching the graft.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID