摘要:

In addition to activity-induced lower leg pain, athletes with chronic compartment syndrome often have neurologic symptoms, including weakness and numbness of the lower leg and foot. Animal research has documented that compartment pressures >30 mm Hg result in partial nerve conduction block. The deep peroneal motor, superficial peroneal sensory, and tibial nerves run through the anterior, lateral, and deep posterior compartment, respectively, and their electrophysiologic function can be measured using nerve conduction studies. The objective of this research was to determine whether nerve conduction studies could be used as noninvasive diagnostic tests for chronic compartment syndrome. Six subjects with chronic compartment syndrome symptoms, including activity-induced weakness and/or numbness of the lower leg and/or foot, were observed. Each subject underwent the following bilateral pretreadmill and postreadmill running investigations: pressure measurements of the anterior, lateral, and deep posterior compartments; and nerve conduction studies of the deep peroneal motor, superficial peroneal sensory, and tibial motor nerves. Twelve of the 36 compartments tested had abnormally high postexercise pressures (>35 mm Hg). However, no exercise-induced impairment of function was found of the nerves within compartments with high pressures as compared to those of normal pressure. Similarly, no correlation was found between postexercise changes in electrophysiologic function and compartment pressure. Two subjects had electrophysiologic abnormalities suggestive of entrapment neuropathy of the superficial peroneal sensory nerve. These results indicate that nerve conduction studies are not useful in identifying chronic compartment syndrome of the lower leg. Their usefulness appears to be restricted to identifying lower-extremity peripheral nerve entrapments that can mimic chronic compartment syndrome.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Muscular strength, endurance and cardiovascular fitness were evaluated in a group of patients (n = 11) previously treated for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All SCLC patients were in complete remission and were 6 weeks posttherapy. Their results were compared to an age- and sex-matched group of cardiac patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (cardiac) 6–8 weeks prior, and a group of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects participated in a symptom-limited, graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak aerobic power (VO2). Muscular strength and endurance of the upper and lower extremity were also assessed, with use of an Isokinetic dynamometer. Compared with both the healthy subjects and the cardiac patients, the SCLC patients demonstrated a significantly lower exercise tolerance time, maximal power output, and peak VO2(p< 0.05). Isokinetic testing of the lower extremity revealed lower peak torque, average torque, and absolute work values for the SCLC patients. Upper body muscular endurance was also significantly reduced in the SCLC patients when compared with that for the healthy controls or the cardiac patients (p< 0.05). Current results suggest significantly diminished capacities in both the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems of SCLC patients who are 6 weeks posttherapy.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluated the activity level, symptoms, and roentgenographic changes in patients at least 2 years after injury of their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), who were treated conservatively without reconstruction. Recreational athletes with an ACL injury have a 70–75% chance of returning to skiing or tennis with an aggressive rehabilitation program and a functional brace. Degenerative changes detected on roentgenography may occur less often than expected. Rehabilitation and bracing of patients with an ACL injury may be associated with fewer adverse effects and more benefits for recreational athletes than previously reported in the medical literature.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ability of compressive forces to limit anterior tibial translation in nine subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees was investigated. Anterior tibial translation was measured with the knee in full extension under conditions of no compression and compression (with a load equivalent to 50% of body weight) during rest, a laxity test with an 89 N anterior force, a 30% quadriceps contraction, a 30% hamstrings contraction, and a 30% co-contraction. Arthrometer (Knee Signature System) and electromyographic data for three trials for each condition were averaged, and data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (p< 0.05). The results demonstrated that anterior tibial translation during the laxity test was limited when compressive forces were applied to the lower limb (5.23 vs. 8.08 mm). In addition, quadriceps contractions in either condition produced anterior tibial translation that was less than that obtained during the no compression laxity test (3.71 and 4.03 mm). It was concluded that knee joint compressive forces are a limiting factor in controlling anterior tibial translation and that compressive forces may be generated during what have been considered open kinetic chain activities. Knee rehabilitation programs must carefully assess the biomechanics of the exercise program in order to ensure that timely and appropriate stress is placed on the ACL and secondary restraints.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two hundred sixty-five members of 21 off-road cycling clubs in 12 states completed a four-page questionnaire regarding their riding habits and injury history for the 1992 cycling season. The response rate was 62.4%. Of those surveyed, 85.7% reported injuries that were sustained while mountain biking during the preceding 12 months, with abrasions, contusions, and lacerations being reported most frequently. Injuries were considered significant if the cyclist sought medical attention for the injury and was unable to ride for at least 1 day due to the injury. Sixty injuries met these criteria. Of those, 90% were traumatic in nature, making the incidence of significant traumatic injury 20.4% in this group for the year studied. Fractures were the most common significant traumatic injury reported. The shoulder complex was the most commonly injured anatomic region. Loss of control, high-speed descent, and competitive activity level were identified as variables associated with traumatic injury. Competitive activity level was the only independent risk factor positively associated with traumatic injury, with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.24 (p < 0.0001).

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Physicians covering sporting events are often required to repair lacerations. Traditionally these lacerations have been sutured. Some of these lacerations may be closed with a tissue adhesive. Tissue adhesives have been available for many years. The benefits and potential problems of these substances are discussed as well as proper wound selection and application.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Rugby is a popular winter sport played by many Australians. It is a contact game and as such can be expected to produce injuries. Quality research into injuries affecting top-level players is scarce. We have conducted a prospective injuries survey of eight first-grade teams for an entire season. The majority of injuries were minor with little time lost from playing. The loose forwards and center backs were the most frequently injured. Tackling was the most dangerous activity. The majority of injuries were closed soft tissue derangements, with the head being the most commonly injured region. The most frequently injured joint was the shoulder. Injuries were more likely to occur early in the season and late in the game. Cervical spine injuries to front row forwards composed a significant proportion of injuries requiring prolonged absence from the game. Emphasis on teaching and refining tackling skills should be an important aspect of injury prevention. Shoulder injuries require proper diagnoses by suitably qualified professionals so that specific and appropriate treatment regimens can be instituted. Although catastrophic injuries at the first-grade level are uncommon, further investigation needs to be conducted into the long-term sequelae of rugby injuries. In particular, the issue of cervical spine degeneration in front-row forwards needs to be addressed.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate continuous concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) isokinetic loading of the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) in power athletes (PA), aerobically trained runners (ATR), and moderately active individuals (MAI). Sixty subjects, aged 18–35 years with no previous history of lower extremity muscle or joint injury, were placed in one of the three groups based on physiologic assessment. Gravity corrected CON and ECC average isokinetic torque was measured at 75–30° of knee flexion at angular velocities of 90°/s, 135°/s, and 180°/s. Analysis of variance was computed for each contraction type and for the calculated KF-E ratios. The PA group produced significantly greater average CON and ECC torque than either ATR or MAI (p < 0.01) for both the KE and KF, whereas the ATR and MAI groups did not significantly differ. For all groups, isokinetic KE CON and ECC torque was significantly greater than that produced by the KF at each velocity examined (p < 0.01). ECC KF-E ratios were significantly greater (p < 0.01) than CON ratios for each of the three groups for all velocities. The PA had significantly greater CON and ECC KF-E ratios (p < 0.01) than either the ATR or MAI groups, who did not differ significantly. These findings are important when designing individualized conditioning and rehabilitation programs for athletes from different disciplines.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is commonly believed that diet can influence aging processes, but the evidence in support of such an action in humans is weak. The criteria for evaluating the effect of diet on aging processes are discussed. Using these criteria, only one dietary manipulation has been clearly shown to influence the aging processes in a mammalian species, and that is the reduction of dietary energy intake by laboratory rodents. Possible mechanisms by which the reduction of energy intake slows the aging processes in rodents are discussed.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The latissimus dorsi is considered the most powerful internal rotator of the shoulder but is rarely mentioned in texts on throwing injuries. A 20-year-old male athlete, who suffered a partial tear of the latissimus dorsi while throwing, is described. His injury was documented by magnetic resonance imaging and treated by rehabilitation with complete return to athletics

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID