ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between nutrition and menstrual cycle interval disturbance (MD) in 562 (91%) female runners in an ultramarathon, who responded to a questionnaire. Significant MD (absent menses, long-and short-cycle intervals) was present in 11% of respondents, whereas 46% had a history of MD. High weekly training distance, low body mass, and low body mass index (BMI) were not associated with increased prevalence of current MD. Of the 61 runners with MD, 38 were compared with controls with normal cycle lengths who had no history of MD and who matched subjects for age, BMI, menarche, training distance, and racing performance. These 38 matched pairs kept a 7-day dietary record. Subjects and controls had similar macro and micronutrient intakes. Energy intake was below the recommended daily allowance for sedentary women, but protein intake was above the RDA. No particular micronutrient appeared to predispose to MD, though intakes of some were low. Daily fluctuations in macronutrient intake and prevalence of disturbed eating behaviors were not different. Of the 38 subjects with MD, 55% had MD before running. In conclusion, undernutrition was not associated with MD in these vigorously active runners, in whom the prevalences of MD, excessive dieting, and poor nutrition were also low.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We retrospectively reviewed the emergency records of a local medical facility to document the occurrence of serious (life- and limb-threatening) injuries during the 1989–1990 ski season at Blackcombe and Whistler Mountain resorts. In all, 50 such injuries occurred, an incidence of 4.1 in 100,000 skier-days. These comprised 11 head injuries, 3 isolated cervical spine fractures, 9 chest injuries, and 26 life- or limb-threatening fractures or dislocations. This is the first study to report the incidence of life- and limb-threatening injuries related to alpine skiing. Future research should be done prospectively to examine etiologic factors, and strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of these devastating injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ankle joint stability was evaluated in 120 patients with functional instability (FI) of the ankle and in a control group with functionally stable (FS) ankle joints. It was also compared in patients with unilateral ankle joint instability. The radiographic investigation was standardized using the same method, instruments, and calculations. The anterior talar translation (ATT) for men was 10.5 mm (range 8–15 mm) in functionally unstable ankle joints and 7.3 mm (range 4–11 mm) in the control group (p < 0.001). The corresponding values for women were 11.3 mm (range 6–24 mm) and 7.2 mm (range 3–12 mm) (p < 0.001). The talar tilt (TT) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the functionally unstable ankle joints than in the control group: 10° (range 3°-27°) and 3.2° (range 0°-8°) for men and 11° (range 2°-23°) and 4.3° (range 0°-8°) for women. ATT in patients with unilateral functional instability was 11.1 mm (range 7–20 mm) as compared with 7.9 mm (range 4–11 mm) in the stable group (p < 0.001). TT was 9.5° (range 3°-23°) degrees in the functionally unstable ankles as compared with 4.4° (range 2°-8°) in the stable ankles (p < 0.001). The mean difference between functionally stable and unstable ankle joints was 3.2 mm (ATT) and 5.1° (TT). Mechanical instability (MI) can be defined as an ATT ≥ 10 mm and a TT ≥ 9°, or a difference in ATT and TT between stable and unstable ankle joints >3 mm and 3°, respectively. Mechanical instability is an important factor in development of functional instability of the ankle. Standardized stress radiographs are of definite value in diagnostic evaluation of ankle joint stability.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used as an investigative tool in cases of refractory knee stiffness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair-augmentation or reconstruction surgery. Because MRI can image soft tissue structures, it was used to identify: (a) areas of abnormal tissue fibrosis and adhesion formation, (b) the anatomic course of graft substitutes, and (c) pathologic shortening of the patellar tendon in 14 cases of knee stiffness syndrome. This information is useful with respect to understanding knee stiffness after ACL surgery and in planning treatment programs directed at “liberation” of knees with this serious complication.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Synchronized swimming was studied to determine the methods of training used in this sport, the types of injuries sustained by the athletes, and the specific aspects of the sport that are associated with injuries. A questionnaire was distributed to all the elite synchronized swimmers in Canada. Eighty-five returned and valid questionnaires were statistically evaluated. Results showed that the training season is divided into a conditioning period with emphasis on synchronized swimming, speed swimming, and weight training drills, and a routine preparation period with emphasis on practicing routines and compulsory figures. Forty-five percent of swimmers were injured during the last full training season. The breakdown of injuries by anatomic site was shoulder 41%, knee 33%, lumbar spine 8%, elbow 8%, other 10%. Shoulder injuries were most often diagnosed as rotator cuff tendinitis. The aggravating actions were butterfly, freestyle, support scull, propellor scull, and vertical boost. Knee injuries were most often diagnosed as patellofemoral pain syndrome. The aggravating actions were eggbeater, eggbeater boost, and whip kick. Back injuries were aggravated by positions requiring extreme extension of the spine. Overuse injuries are common in synchronized swimming. An understanding of the basic elements of this sport is helpful in treating these athletes.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether custom-molded ski boot footbeds maintain the foot in a more neutral position within the ski boot, thereby limiting the pronatory motions associated with weight bearing. Skin markers were placed over the prominence of the navicular and tibial tuberosities, and over the insertion of the Achilles tendon to monitor movements of the foot within the ski boot. The subjects (n = 13) were photographed as they moved through a simulated skiing motion while wearing windowed ski boots, initially with standard insoles and again with custom footbeds. The photographs were digitized to reveal that the custom-molded footbeds significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the motion of the navicular within the boot, decreased the rearfoot angle (p < 0.05), and realigned the tibial tuberosity. These findings indicated that custom footbeds maintain the foot in a more neutral position within the ski boot while controlling motion at the subtalar joint.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sports participation for the physically disabled is rapidly growing in popularity and competitiveness, but little is known about the sports medicine needs of these unique athletes. We wished to determine the medical needs and injury profiles of a group of elite disabled athletes competing at an international level. The Canadian team that competed at the 1988 Seoul Paralympic Games consisted of 151 athletes: 58 in wheelchair, 39 blind, 30 with cerebral palsy, and 24 amputees. Analysis of the records of treatment provided by the Canadian medical contingent showed that 82% of the athletes received medical attention. Fifty-one percent of the conditions observed were musculoskeletal (MSS) and 49% were acute (developed at the Paralympics), whereas 51% were chronic (developed before the Paralympics). The shoulder was the most common site of MSS injury, and rotator cuff impingement syndrome was the most common clinical diagnosis. Upper extremity injuries were most prevalent in athletes participating in “arm-dominant” sports, whereas lower extremity injuries were significantly more common in leg-dominant sports. A disproportionately high number of leg injuries were incurred by blind athletes, whereas most of the back injuries occurred in cerebral palsy athletes. Forty-nine percent of medical treatment was for general medical problems, the most common of which were upper respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis. Medical conditions specific to the particular athlete's disability were also noted. We conclude that sports medicine services are important for this group of athletes and that care providers should be prepared to deal with MSS injury, general medical illnesses, and disorders specific to each disability. The injury profiles suggest that both type of sport and type of disability are factors in injury location.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was undertaken to determine whether pediatric sport-related injuries were a significant clinical problem in our community. All children presenting to the emergency room of the five major hospitals in Calgary in March 1988 with a sport injury were prospectively evaluated with a standardized form. The form assessed the demographics of the child, and the sport, the injury, and the patient's outcome. There were a total of 367 sport-related injuries over this time, with boys presenting more frequently than girls. The most commonly observed injury was that of a lower extremity sprain although fractures occurred in 27%. There were two lifethreatening injuries. The majority of injuries required treatment in the emergency department only, 19% involved specialist consultations, and 7% required hospitalization. Downhill skiing was the most commonly related sport and in combination with other winter sports accounted for > 50% of the total. In conclusion, pediatric sports-related injuries, particularly those resulting from winter sports, are a significant clinical concern in our community.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case report is presented of an athlete with recurrent exercise-induced lower leg pain, who developed acute nontraumatic compartment syndrome following a series of tennis matches. A delayed diagnosis resulted in permanent disability. All athletes with a diagnosis of recurrent compartment syndrome should be warned to seek immediate medical attention if their pain increases with rest, instead of decreasing.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID