摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy could accelerate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in humans.DesignPretest–posttest design with random assignment to either a treatment (HBO) or placebo control (sham) group.SettingUniversity of Alberta and Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton.Participants12 healthy male students (24.2 ± 3.2 years) who were unaccustomed to strenuous eccentric exercise of the calf muscles.InterventionsAll subjects performed a strenuous eccentric exercise protocol designed to elicit muscle damage within the right gastrocnemius muscle. Subjects subsequently received either HBO (100% oxygen at 253 kPa [2.5 ATA] for 60 min; n = 6) or sham (atmospheric air at 132 kPa [1.3 ATA] for 60 min; n = 6) treatment conditions. The first treatment was administered 3–4 hours after damage, with a second and third at 24 and 48 hours after the first, respectively.Main Outcome MeasuresDependent variables included peak torque at 0.52 radians/s, peak isometric torque, and muscular endurance using isokinetic dynamometry; muscle cross-sectional area using magnetic resonance imaging; inorganic phosphate levels and T2relaxation time using31P and1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pain sensation and unpleasantness using the Descriptor Differential Scale. These variables were assessed at baseline and until day 5 postdamage.ResultsThere was little evidence of a difference in recovery rate between the HBO and sham groups. Faster recovery was observed in the HBO group only for isometric peak torque and pain sensation and unpleasantness.ConclusionsHBO cannot be recommended as an effective method of treatment of this form of muscle injury.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate the negative prognostic factors in the management of massive rotator cuff tears.DesignRetrospective nonrandomized study.SettingFaculty Practice associated with a major orthopedic teaching hospital.Patients108 patients who were treated for massive rotator cuff tears were evaluated for an average of 3.2 years posttreatment. There were 58 females and 50 males, with a mean age of 61.3 years.Interventions40 patients underwent conservative nonsurgical management (Group 1), 32 patients underwent arthroscopic debridement (Group 2), and 36 patients underwent primary repair of the rotator cuff (Group 3).Main Outcome MeasuresA detailed Shoulder Rating Questionnaire was filled out by patients pretreatment and minimal 2 years posttreatment.ResultsOverall, Group 1 had 65% excellent or good outcomes, Group 2 had 81%, and Group 3 had 86%. The subgroup of patients in Group 1 who had cortisone injections had a 75% success rate.ConclusionsNegative prognostic factors evaluated are presence of glenohumeral arthritis, decreased passive range of motion, superior migration of the humeral head, presence of atrophy, and external rotation/abduction strength less than 3. The presence of 3 or more of these negative prognostic factors are correlated with poor outcomes in the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo evaluate injury rates and patterns in off-road bicycle racing, and to compare the findings in male and female cyclists.SettingThe study was conducted from 1994–2001 at a large off-road bicycling competition held for 4 days each summer at Mammoth Mountain, California.DesignInjured cyclists were evaluated at the first aid station or at the local hospital. Registration data were used to estimate the number of male and female competitors in each race.ParticipantsCyclists who sustained an injury during a race and were unable to finish the race due to the injury were included in the study. 22 female subjects and 71 male subjects met the inclusion criteria during the 8-year study period. There were a total of 20,769 race participants during the study period.Main Outcome MeasuresInjuries were categorized, and injury rates were calculated.ResultsThe overall injury rate during the study period was 0.77% (22/2,869) for women versus 0.40% (71/17,900) for men (p = 0.01). Fractures were sustained by 45.5% (10/22) of female subjects versus 21.1% (15/71) of male subjects (p = 0.03). Odds ratios indicate that overall, women were 1.94 times more likely than men to sustain an injury and 4.17 times more likely to sustain a fracture.ConclusionsThese data suggest that although participation in this sport is higher among men, the risk of injury is greater for women.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo describe the impact of ringworm infections in high school wrestlers (tinea gladiatorum) in Pennsylvania during the 1998–1999 scholastic wrestling season.DesignRetrospective 23-item mail-out survey.SettingPennsylvania high schools with varsity wrestling programs in 1998–1999.ParticipantsAthletic trainers, athletic directors, and wrestling coaches who responded to the mail-out survey.Main Outcome MeasuresFrequency of ringworm infection during the 1998–1999 season. Methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ringworm among respondent schools. Summary of beliefs concerning transmission and the way ringworm is approached compared with other skin infections. Any associations between the methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and the frequency of ringworm infections.ResultsResponse rate was 42.4%. Of the respondent schools, 84.7% had at least one wrestler diagnosed with ringworm. Of these teams with infected wrestlers 33% had a wrestler miss a match because of the infection. A majority of schools (68.7%) have a written guideline for return after a ringworm infection. Most respondents believe ringworm is transmitted by personal contact or from contact with mats. An overwhelming majority of schools (97%) use preventive practices. Interestingly, schools that used a greater number of preventive practices had more ringworm infections (p < 0.05). Larger teams were associated with more ringworm infections. In the respondent schools, 60% of coaches were involved in making a diagnosis of ringworm. Return decisions are made predominantly by a physician and/or the athletic trainer (79%).ConclusionsRingworm infections in wrestlers are a common occurrence. There is a lot of variation among schools in Pennsylvania in regard to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, guidelines, and beliefs about ringworm. More study is needed to determine risk factors, transmission patterns, microbiology patterns, and evidence-based prevention and treatment recommendations.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate the possibility of early changes in erythropoiesis during prolonged exercise being reflected in reticulocyte parameters.DesignThis was a case-control field study of hematological variables in a group of ultramarathon runners competing in a 6-day track race.SettingA 6-day ultramarathon in Colac, Australia.Participants7 male and 1 female experienced ultramarathon runners.InterventionA track race of 6 days' duration.Main Outcome MeasuresA wide range of red cell and reticulocyte parameters.ResultsResting red cell parameters were within normal clinical limits. However, except for the expected findings typical of hemodilution, red cell parameters were relatively unchanged during and after the event, with the exception of small but statistically significant changes in number and percentage of macrocytic, microcytic, hypochromic, and hyperchromic red cells. No reticulocytosis was found in an event that would have been expected to be associated with significant foot-strike hemolysis; however, an increase in the percentage of reticulocytes with high RNA content late in the event indicates early release from the marrow. Reduction in reticulocyte mean cell volume, which is consistent with functional iron deficiency, was demonstrated during the event. This finding is consistent with changes in some of the iron-related parameters associated with the acute phase response, but the dissociation in time between these changes makes a causal relationship unlikely. Other changes such as those in reticulocyte hemoglobin distribution width, reticulocyte distribution width, cell hemoglobin concentration mean, and lack of change in corpuscular hemoglobin are not typical of true iron deficiency, and the mechanism of these changes is currently unknown.ConclusionThe hematopoietic system demonstrates remarkable stability in the face of very significant exercise stress. No reticulocyte response was demonstrated in this study, but reticulocyte changes both consistent with and contrary to early release from the marrow were demonstrated after several days of strenuous running. The significance of several newly developed ratios of red cell and reticulocyte parameters in conditions of exercise stress requires further investigation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID