ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract:Over 40 million individuals nationally participate in organized softball and baseball leagues playing an estimated 23 million games a year in the United States. It has also been estimated that softball and baseball injuries are two of the leading sports-related causes of Emergency Room visits in the United States. Previous studies have elucidated that sliding is responsible for over 70% of all recreational softball injuries. In addition, break-away bases which have been utilized in recreational softball leagues have resulted in 98% reduction in injuries and a 99% reduction in acute health care costs. An independent analysis has determined that the utilization of break-away bases has the potential of preventing 1.7 million injuries a year in the United States with a savings of $2 billion a year nationally in health care costs. To date, utilization of break-away bases has not been explored within the highest echelon of competitive baseball. In this study, 19 teams within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and professional minor league baseball utilized breakaway bases for two consecutive seasons. Four hundred ninety-eight games were played on stationary bases and ten sliding-related injuries were documented. Of the ten injuries, three injuries were sustained to the knee and seven injuries to the ankle. The same teams played 486 games on break-away bases with two sliding-related injuries. Therefore, one injury was documented every 243 games on break-away bases, which translates into 0.41 injuries every 100 games on break-away bases. In regard to the stationary base injuries, one injury occurred every 49.8 games which translates into 2.01 injuries every 100 games. Therefore, an 80% reduction (p< 0.05) was noted in the high-performance baseball population utilizing break-away bases. The use of break-away bases decreases the number and severity of baseball- and softball-related injuries, both at the recreational level and the high-performance level. Break-away bases are cost effective and safer than standard stationary bases. In the recreational and high-performance baseball populations, the use of break-away bases should be mandatory.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract: The transport of oxygen has been shown to be impaired in certain female athletic populations. The purpose of the present investigation was to (a) compare the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin concentrations between female basketball players (BB) and female nonathletes (CON); and (b) examine the variation in hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, and maximal oxygen consumption across a competitive season in female basketball players. Fifteen Division I female basketball players and 22 age-matched female controls served as subjects. Preseason (PRE) blood samples were taken and analyzed for serum ferritin (FERR), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT). In addition, maximal oxygen consumption (MXOX) and percent body fat (FAT) were measured. All measures were repeated at midseason (MID) and postseason (POST). The basketball players were heavier (Xweight= 73.2 vs. 58.9 kg), taller (Xweight= 178.22 vs. 164.55 cm), less fat (19.4 vs. 23.2%;p< 0.05), more muscular (58.7 vs. 45.1 kg;p< 0.05), and in better aerobic condition (43.9 vs. 39.4 ml.kg–1.min–1;p< 0.05). Significant correlations were found among the hematological variables but no hematological variable correlated with MXOX. Thirteen percent of the BB group had low FERR at PRE. Across time, only FERR decreased significantly and only for the BB group. The results of this study suggest that serum ferritin levels appear to be declining in this population although not all athletes reached significantly low levels.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract: Our objective was to identify kinematically compensatory changes an athlete with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee uses to perform a side-step cut with and without functional knee bracing. Ten men with normal knees and ten ACL-deficient men, 21–42 years old, were tested. Each group was verified by history and physical examination, including Lachman and pivot shift tests. Shell- and strap-type braces were used. A three-dimensional (3-D) tracking system was utilized for kinematic tracking of subjects while they performed a 90° side-step cut. Randomized testing procedures were used. No statistically significant differences were noted when comparing isolated joint rotations. There was no increase in knee or hip flexion during the maneuver. Cumulative external rotation of the hip, knee, and ankle was greater in ACL-deficient subjects, which translates to compensatory early turning of the body towards the cut. Total rotation of the planted limb in the strap-type brace was closer to the normal subjects' pattern while that in the shell-type brace was closer to the pattern of ACL-deficient subjects. These trends were confirmed statistically (p< 0.05). ACL-deficient subjects utilized a unique “set‘’ of compensatory mechanisms when performing a side-step cut. These strategies were not necessary or utilized when using a strap-type of brace.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract: To identify weight-loss methods used by wrestlers as they advanced from high school to college, questionnaires were distributed to 205 intercollegiate wrestlers in Indiana. Methods assessed, on frequency per week, were exercise beyond practice, fluid restriction, fasting, self-induced vomiting, and use of sauna, steam room, diuretics, or laxatives. Use of these methods was much higher among high school juniors and seniors and among lighter wrestlers. Health care professionals should be aware of the rate and frequency at which these methods are used. State medical boards should supervise methods used to determine ideal body weights in wrestlers.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract:It was hypothesized that, if osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is patellofemoral in origin, flexed-knee radiographic images would demonstrate patellar contact or juxtaposition with the femoral lesion. Nine adult patients with OCD of the femoral condyles had hypocycloidal and computer tomographic studies performed with the knee in maximal flexion. Results of these imaging studies suggested that femoral condylar OCD is due to a patellofemoral mechanism.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract:Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the management of soft tissue injuries, much of the world literature defining their usefulness for this indication is conflictual, vague, and uninstructive. Although differences in methodology between studies is an important factor, pharmacological differences between NSAIDs may be more important in explaining the clinical results. The authors challenge the traditional view that the analgesic effect of NSAIDs can be universally attributed to their inhibitory effects on the synthesis of peripherally formed prostaglandins. Much of our understanding of postinjury pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia has been derived from studies performed on skin. Such findings may not be appropriate to trauma in deeper tissue. Recent clinical evidence is reviewed which supports the concept that peripheral events alone cannot adequately account for the phenomena of hyperalgesia and allodynia following injury to joints and muscle. A corollary of these findings is that in the management of acute pain, pharmacological intervention may be less effective when aimed solely at peripheral events, such as prostaglandin synthesis. In our survey we critically review the results of 26 different studies which were conducted under double-blind conditions and included a placebo control group. Of these, 14 studies demonstrated a significant difference between NSAID and placebo for nine NSAIDs—azapropazone, clonixin, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, fenbufen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and piroxicam. In those studies where concomitant physical therapy was administered, we identified four NSAIDs which were demonstrated unequivocably to provide additional benefit–azapropazone, clonixin, ketoprofen, and naproxen. In the light of these findings we discuss the emerging view that, at least for some NSAIDs, effects on nociceptive pathways independent of prostaglandin synthesis may explain their analgesic character.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract:Three patients suffered from fracture of the patella during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. ACL reconstruction utilized the central third of the patellar tendon with bone grafts. After surgery, the extensor muscles (EMs) of the reconstructed knees were submitted to several weeks of voluntary and stimulation-induced exercises. The first patella fractured 13 weeks after surgery during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the EM with the knee positioned at 70° of flexion. The second fracture was observed through x-ray investigation 11 weeks after ACL reconstruction. The third fracture occurred 7 weeks after surgery during a 50-Hz stimulation-induced contraction session of the EM with the knee fixed at 70° of flexion. It is clear that fracture of the patella is a potential problem when open-chain isometric exercises are imposed on the ACL-reconstructed knee during the early phase of rehabilitation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case report is presented of a rock climber who fell while climbing and sustained a combined vascular and nerve injury of his right upper extremity. Cross-sectional compressive forces due to entanglement with the climber's own rope caused a midhumeral external rope burn; complete transection of the lateral head of the right triceps brachii muscle; combined radial, median, and ulnar nerve injury; and brachial artery thrombosis. Due to a progressive decrease in vascular function, arteriography was used to confirm the brachial artery thrombosis. Surgical thrombectomy along with a surgical repair of the triceps muscle was then successfully performed. Sixteen months postinjury, after the sequential return of first median and ulnar and then radial nerve function, the patient demonstrated a complete recovery and a return to rock climbing. The unusual mechanism of this injury provides an excellent tool for correlating physical findings with actual level of vascular and nerve injury in the upper extremity.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID