ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveA study to examine the incidence and characteristics of concussions among Canadian university athletes during 1 full year of football and soccer participation.DesignRetrospective survey.ParticipantsThree hundred eighty Canadian university football and 240 Canadian university soccer players reporting to 1999 fall training camp. Of these, 328 football and 201 soccer players returned a completed questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasuresBased on self-reported symptoms, calculations were made to determine the number of concussions experienced during the previous full year of football or soccer participation, the duration of symptoms, the time for return to play, and any associated risk factors for concussions.ResultsOf all the athletes who returned completed questionnaires, 70.4% of the football players and 62.7% of the soccer players had experienced symptoms of a concussion during the previous year. Only 23.4% of the concussed football players and 19.8% of the concussed soccer players realized they had suffered a concussion. More than one concussion was experienced by 84.6% of the concussed football players and 81.7% of the concussed soccer players. Examining symptom duration, 27.6% of all concussed football players and 18.8% of all concussed soccer players experienced symptoms for at least 1 day or longer. Tight end and defensive lineman were the positions most commonly affected in football, while goalies were the players most commonly affected in soccer. Variables that increased the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for football players included a history of a traumatic loss of consciousness or a recognized concussion in the past. Variables that increased the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for soccer players included a past history of a recognized concussion while playing soccer and being female.ConclusionsUniversity football and soccer players seem to be experiencing a significant amount of concussions while participating in their respective sports. Variables that seem to increase the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for football and soccer players include a history of a recognized concussion. Despite being relatively common, symptoms of concussion may not be recognized by many players.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of the application of tape over the patella on the onset of electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) relative to vastus lateralis (VL) in participants with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).DesignRandomised within subject.SettingsUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsTen participants with PFPS and 12 asymptomatic controls.InterventionsThree experimental taping conditions: no tape, therapeutic tape, and placebo tape.Main Outcome MeasuresElectromyographic onset of VMO and VL assessed during the concentric and eccentric phases of a stair stepping task.ResultsWhen participants with PFPS completed the stair stepping task, the application of therapeutic patellar tape was found to alter the temporal characteristics of VMO and VL activation, whereas placebo tape had no effect. In contrast, there was no change in the EMG onset of VMO and VL with the application of placebo or therapeutic tape to the knee in the asymptomatic participants.ConclusionsThese data support the use of patellar taping as an adjunct to rehabilitation in people with PFPS.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and characteristics of wrist pain in young, nonelite gymnasts over a 1-year training period, and to describe the effects of chronic wrist upon gymnastics training.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLos Angeles-based gymnastics club.ParticipantsForty-seven nonelite female and male gymnasts between 5 and 16 years of age.AssessmentsEach subject completed an interview-based questionnaire and received a physical exam at the study onset and at the end of 1 year of training. The questionnaire detailed training habits and elicited a history and description of wrist pain.Main Outcome MeasuresThe frequency of wrist pain and several measures of training were reported at the study onset and at 1 year. Gymnasts with wrist pain were compared with those who were pain-free.Main ResultsWrist pain was reported by 57% (27 of 47) of subjects at the study onset. Eighty-nine percent (24 of 27) reported wrist pain both at the study onset and 1 year later. Nineteen gymnasts (40%) were pain-free at each collection. The floor exercise, the pommel horse, and the balance beam were most frequently associated with wrist pain symptoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that adolescent gymnasts between 10 and 14 years of age were significantly more likely to report wrist pain at each survey than those who were either above or below this age range (p = 0.03). Forty-two percent of subjects with wrist pain at each survey reported that the symptoms interfered with training. Only five gymnasts with wrist pain were seen by physicians. Training intensity increased in gymnasts with and without wrist pain. The relative increase within each group was statistically significant among pain-free gymnasts (p = 0.003), but was not for those with wrist pain (p = 0.08).ConclusionsWrist pain among young, nonelite gymnasts is common, and appears to persist with continued training in the vast majority of those who report symptoms. Adolescent gymnasts between 10 and 14 years of age training at this level are significantly more likely to have wrist pain. Wrist pain appears to have a negative effect upon training, based upon both self-report and training intensity measures; however, more study is needed with respect to this issue.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectivesTo determine the types and causes of upper extremity injuries sustained while snowboarding.DesignA prospective survey of snowboarders with upper extremity injuries, especially fractures and dislocations.ParticipantsBetween 1995 and 2000, we analyzed and interviewed 6,837 injured snowboarders and 2,175 injured skiers, and a total of 2,742 snowboarders and 361 skiers with fractures or dislocations of the upper extremities were studied.ResultsThe ratio of upper extremity injuries to all injury types was significantly higher in snowboarders (40%, p < 0.001). Shoulder dislocations accounted for 5.5% of all injuries in skiers but 71% of all dislocations. In comparison, 6.5% of snowboarders' injuries were shoulder dislocations, representing 50% of all dislocations. It was noted that dislocation of the elbow joint was a more characteristic injury of snowboarders (30%) than of skiers (3%). The most frequently fractured site in skiers was the clavicle (32% of all fractures), and in snowboarders, it was the wrist (62% of all fractures). The most frequently affected side of the snowboarders' upper extremity was the left, with the exception of wrist fractures. With the exception of wrist fractures, the edge side that caused the accident was the opposite of the side that was injured. Most snowboarders did not have initial instruction from professional instructors (93%) and did not use protective equipment (87%).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the upper extremity injuries are much more common in snowboarders than skiers. In particular, upper extremity fractures in snowboarders are three times more common than in skiers. Furthermore, in snowboarding, wrist fractures have a different underlying cause compared with other upper extremity injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThe purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the Bull Tough helmet (Bull Tough, Seguin, TX) in preventing head injuries to bull riders. The hypothesis was that this helmet is effective in diminishing the incidence of head injuries in bull riders.DesignThis study was a retrospective study.MethodsSurveys were mailed to 320 purchasers of the Bull Tough helmet. Participants were asked to recall the numbers of rides performed in 1999 while wearing the helmet and the number of rides performed in 1999 while not wearing the helmet. In addition, they were asked to provide the number and severity of head injuries suffered in 1999 both while wearing the helmet and while not wearing the helmet.SettingParticipants responding to the survey were bull riders from the United States and Canada.ParticipantsEighty-one riders responded to the survey.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary outcome measurements were planned before data collection began and included the incidence of head injuries to bull riders both while wearing the helmet and while not wearing the helmet.ResultsWhile not wearing a helmet, the incidence of head injury was 1.54% per ride (11 head injuries/713 rides). While wearing the helmet, the incidence of head injury was 0.80% per ride (28 head injuries/3,518 rides). Using the X2test, the p value was 0.0570.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that the Bull Tough helmet diminishes the incidence of head injury in bull riders.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo establish test-retest reliability for a strength testing protocol of the glenohumeral internal and external rotator muscles using a KinCom (Chattanooga Group, Hixson, TN) isokinetic dynamometer.DesignProspective test-retest reliability study.SettingRehabilitation research laboratory.ParticipantsFourteen volunteers between the ages of 27 and 35 years participated in the study. Subjects had no history of traumatic shoulder injury and no overuse-based shoulder pain interfering with activity within the last 6 months. Nine of the 14 subjects were not participating in more than 6 hours weekly of arm-based sporting activities, while the remaining five subjects were involved in swim training at workout volumes of no greater than 3000 m per week.InterventionSubjects performed three test sessions of four maximal repetitions each of concentric and eccentric shoulder internal and external rotation bilaterally in a standardized sitting position. An average of 5.9 days occurred between consecutive test sessions (range, 2–21 days).Main Outcome MeasuresAverage torque data were collected for concentric and eccentric internal and external rotation tests bilaterally. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to compare the data across sessions. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reliability between sessions.ResultsHigh test-retest reliability, ranging from 0.82 to 0.97, was demonstrated for all tests.ConclusionsThe results indicate that a reliable test protocol has been determined for shoulder internal and external rotation strength testing on the KinCom isokinetic dynamometer.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether a common bromelain regimen or common ibuprofen regimen are effective in resolving pain and muscle dysfunction associated with delayed onset muscle soreness of the elbow flexors.DesignA randomized, double-blinded, repeated measures design was used for this study.SettingThe study was performed in the Sports Injury Research Lab at an NCAA Division I university.ParticipantsForty subjects who had not participated in an upper body resistance-training program 3 months prior to the study, suffered pain or injury in the nondominant arm, or experienced an adverse response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or pineapple (bromelain source) were recruited. Thirty-nine subjects finished the study.InterventionsActive range of motion (ROM), perceived pain, and peak concentric torque measurements of the nondominant arm were taken prior to and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following an eccentric exercise protocol of the elbow flexors. Subjects were assigned to one of four treatment groups (bromelain 300 mg t.i.d., ibuprofen 400 mg t.i.d., placebo t.i.d., and control) and began treatment immediately following the exercise protocol.Main Outcome MeasuresNo differences among treatments were observed for any of the dependent variables at any time. ROM deficits and pain peaked between 48 and 72 hours. Peak torque deficiencies were observed between 24 and 72 hours.ConclusionsIngestion of bromelain and ibuprofen had no effect on elbow flexor pain, loss of ROM, or loss of concentric peak torque as a result of an eccentric exercise regimen.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo assess the risk factors for a group of children at high risk for type 2 diabetes using a proven medical model and incorporating a community-friendly standardized fitness assessment tool.DesignAll children in school (kindergarten to grade eight) in an isolated First Nation community were enrolled to be screened for diabetes, risk factors, and fitness level.SettingBeausoleil First Nation community is an Ojibway community situated on Christian Island in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsAll children attending Christian Island Elementary School, a total of 101 students from kindergarten to grade eight.InterventionsCapillary blood glucose fasting and 2 hours after 75-g simple carbohydrate meal, height and weight (calculated BMI), blood pressure, aerobic capacity, abdominal strength and endurance, upper body strength, trunk extensor strength and flexibility, and upper body flexibility.Outcome MeasurementsApplicability of tests to assess disease, risk factors, and fitness level.ResultsEight children were found to have abnormal capillary blood glucose and required further laboratory investigations. Significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes were identified. The screening exercise assessment identified specific areas below that considered a healthy fitness zone.ConclusionsThe screening assessment identified medical areas of concern in capillary blood glucose, blood pressure, and body mass index. The fitness testing identified areas of concern in aerobic capacity, upper body strength, abdominal strength and endurance, and flexibility. The fitness testing was First Nation community-friendly.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID