ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of 50 μg of inhaled salmeterol on pulmonary function, selected physical capacities, and fine motor control in 16 nonasthmatic male cyclists and triathletes, mean age of 23.2 (SD = 3.5) years.DesignRandomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.SettingHuman Physical Performance Laboratory, the University of Western Australia.SubjectsSixteen healthy male high-performance nonasthmatic athletes with a mean age of 23.2 years participated in the study.InterventionSubjects attended three experimental testing sessions at which salmeterol (50 μg), a placebo, or “no treatment” was administered in random order in a double-blind fashion, on separate occasions, prior to exercise.Main outcome measuresDuring each testing, session lung function was measured before and 10 min after the treatment. Tests of reaction time and hand steadiness and then two anaerobic cycle tests followed. The first, a 10-s all-out sprint was followed, after a 3-min rest, by a 30-s all-out sprint performed on a front access bicycle ergometer. After 10 min recovery, leg flexion-extension peak torque was measured on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 120 and 180° s−1.Main resultsLung function variables, reaction time, movement time, alactic anaerobic power, lactacid anaerobic power, and leg-flexion and leg-extension muscular strength were similar among the three treatment groups.ConclusionsThe preexercise administration of 50 μg of inhaled salmeterol has no performance-enhancing effects in nonasthmatic athletes. We believe that athletes with asthma should be permitted to use salmeterol before competition.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveAs aerobic exercise capacity, as defined by vO2max, is associated with patient functioning and possibly prognosis in cystic fibrosis (CF), correlations between vO2max, phenotype and genotype may be of value.DesignRetrospective clinical series.SettingCystic fibrosis referral clinic.PatientsConvenience sample of 35 patients with CF consecutively referred for exercise testing.Main outcome measuresBlood samples were examined for mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). Height, weight, pulmonary function, resting-energy expenditure, vO2max, and other exercise variables were assessed in each referred patient.ResultsStatistical comparison of 10 patients who were homozygous for the dF508 mutation of CFTR with 20 patients heterozygous for dF508 revealed no significant differences for height, weight, pulmonary function, resting-energy expenditure, vO2max, or any other exercise variables.ConclusionsThese results imply a limited effect of the mutation status on overall patient functioning and prognosis. Future identification of more rare CFTR mutations and other genes and subsequent classification of patients in a manner reflective of the cellular physiology may lead to different results.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the number of states with laws monitoring toxic gases in ice arenas. To inform physicians who care for ice skaters of the dangers of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide exposure in ice arenas.DesignSurvey, literature review.ParticipantsHealth Departments of the 50 states and Washington D.C.Assessment of risk factorsAt risk are users of ice arenas. Vigorous exercise (hockey or competitive figure skating) and underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease increase the risk toxicity. Toxic gas concentration is determined by the amount of production from internal combustion engines, effectiveness and use of the ventilation system, and the “cold air pool” over the ice.Main outcome measuresNumber of states with laws regulating toxic gases in ice arenas.ResultsOnly two states (Minnesota and Rhode Island) have laws regulating toxic gases in indoor ice areas.ConclusionsPhysicians and the public are generally unaware of this problem. Toxic gas exposure in ice arenas is under recognized and underreported. The risks are not documented in journals generally seen by physicians who care for skaters. Conversion to electric ice resurfacing machines—the best solution—is not economically practical; legislation on the monitoring of toxic gas levels offers a reasonable alternative.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo review the literature on the association of exercise and rehabilitation among cancer patients in order to stimulate research in this field.Data SourcesComputerized literature search of databases (Medline, Psychlit, Sportdiscus, Cinahl) and manual search of journals done to identify all empirical studies on exercise and rehabilitation of cancer patients ever conducted and published in any language on this topic.Study SelectionEleven studies found, of these, two were unpublished conference proceedings and could not be obtained, two were doctoral dissertations and seven were published research studies. Of the nine studies reviewed, four were randomized controlled trials, three were quasi-experimental studies, and two were retrospective studies (case-control and cohort in design). All of the studies examined breast cancer patients only.Data ExtractionQualitative review conducted since the studies had heterogeneous study designs including the type and form of exercise intervention or measurement, the data collection methods, and the outcome variables.Data SynthesisOverall, exercise resulted in an improvement of the physiologic parameters observed, including increases in functional capacity and lean tissue, decreases in percent body fat, nausea and fatigue. Improvements in psychologic indicators of well-being and quality of life also found.ConclusionsExercise appears to improve breast cancer patients' physiologic and psychologic well being; however, the research studies reviewed here have numerous methodologic limitations and these results must be considered as preliminary evidence only. To improve knowledge of how exercise may help the rehabilitation of all types of cancer patients, future research studies are needed that use a wider sample of cancer patients, a well-designed randomized controlled design, an exercise intervention that more closely reflects true life circumstances, that is of long duration, that measures numerous physiologic and psychologic changes, and that examines exercise recruitment and adherence problems that may occur.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThe use of local corticosteroid injections for the treatment of Achilles tendonitis is controversial. Some authors advocate their use based on efficacy in accelerating the healing process of Achilles tendonitis; others feel the associated side effects should preclude their use altogether. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review and critically appraise the available literature in order to examine the evidence concerning this clinical dilemma.Data sourcesMEDLINE was searched using MeSH and textwords for English- and French-language articles related to Achilles tendonitis and corticosteroids published since 1966. Additional references were reviewed from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. The total number of articles reviewed was 145.Study selectionAll clinical study designs were included as well as related animal studies using experimental and quasi-experimental designs.Data extraction and synthesisIn reviewing the literature, particular attention was paid to the relative strengths of the different study designs. From these data, the factors associated with effectiveness and safety of injected corticosteroids were examined.Main resultsThe only rigorous studies (one randomized controlled trial, one cohort study) showed no benefit of corticosteroids over placebo. In animal studies, corticosteroid injections decrease adhesion formation, temporarily weaken the tendon if given intratendinously, but have no effect on tendon strength if injected into the paratenon. The overall incidence of side effects with locally injected corticosteroids is ∼1%. Most side effects are temporary, but skin atrophy and depigmentation can be permanent. Although there are many case reports of Achilles tendon rupture following local corticosteroid injection, there are no published rigorous studies that evaluate the risk of rupture with or without corticosteroid injection.ConclusionsThere are insufficient published data to determine the comparative risks and benefits of corticosteroid injections in Achilles tendonitis. The decreased tendon strength with intratendinous injections in animal studies suggests that rupture may be a potential complication for several weeks following injection.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeTo present an uncommon cause of chest pain in an athlete.Case summaryA 17-year-old black man suffered recurrent episodes of chest pain due to pericarditis. Based on presentation and serology, he was diagnosed as having unspecified connective tissue disease.DiscussionRheumatologic disease will often manifest over a period of time. Diagnosis and treatment is often elusive.RelevanceRheumatologic disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in athletes.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeTo describe a case of isolated infraspinatus atrophy due to suprascapular nerve entrapment by a labral ganglion cyst in a volleyball player and to propose a mechanism for its formation.Case SummaryA female volleyball player was evaluated for shoulder pain and found to have atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a loculated ganglion cyst impinging on the suprascapular nerve.DiscussionSeveral etiologies for isolated infraspinatus atrophy in volleyball players are cited in the literature. It is suggested here that the rapid deceleration in the volleyball spike can result in a superior labral lesion (SLAP), which can lead to ganglion cyst formation. These ganglion cysts can then cause isolated infraspinatus atrophy by impinging on the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch.RelevanceIn one study, isolated infraspinatus atrophy was found in 12% of elite volleyball players. Since infraspinatus atrophy may result from impingement of the suprascapular nerve by ganglion cysts and not just traction injuries, imaging studies, such as an MRI, should be considered in the evaluation of these patients.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeA high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis of stress fractures in athletes. This is a case report of a soccer player who sustained a transverse stress fracture of the patella.Case SummaryThe soccer player experienced mild discomfort to the patella for 1 month. He then developed severe pain after a twisting motion while playing soccer. Radiological examination showed an undisplaced transverse fracture of the patella. After immobilization in a plaster cast and rehabilitation, he returned to normal activity in 3 months.DiscussionOnly six cases have been reported in the literature to date.RelevanceThis case illustrates the need to consider a stress fracture when pain in the patella persists.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID