摘要:

Records of consecutive patients admitted to two tertiary care hospitals with a spinal fracture were reviewed for the 5-year period of 1980–1984. Sporting and recreational injuries accounted for 134 (12%) of 1,081 spinal fractures, ranking fourth behind motor vehicle accidents (53%), occupational causes (16%), and domestic accidents (15%). However, there is a high percentage of spinal cord damage with these sports-induced injuries. Furthermore, over the 5-year period, trends towards increasing frequency of injury in diving, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiling, rugby, and hockey were identified. In addition, equestrian accidents accounted for 12% of the sport-related injuries. Unfortunately, alcohol ingestion and poor decision-making featured highly in many of these cases. Knowledge of injury patterns and awareness of these potentially disastrous injuries are important so that their presence is not overlooked and correct first-aid instigated. Football rule changes have drastically reduced the frequency of spine injuries and suggestions have been made for similar changes for ice hockey and rugby that will hopefully reverse the current trend towards increasingly severe injuries. The catastrophic nature of spinal cord injury cannot be overemphasized and discussion of the data presented in this report is directed at pointing out the potentially preventable aspects associated with spine trauma in sport.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This retrospective study reports on 4,173 running injuries seen on referral over a 4-year period at a sports medicine clinic. Runners were grouped as recreational, marathon, or middle distance runners on the basis of their training, and data was examined for groupwise differences in age, gender, anatomical site of injury, diagnosis, and time of year the injury presented. Additionally, the results were compared to those of a 1981 study of 1,819 injuries from the same population in order to determine changes in injury patterns over time. The knee was the most common site of injury, with patellofemoral pain syndrome the most common overall diagnosis, although there were significant differences between the training groups for both injury site and diagnosis. The pattern of injuries has changed over the interval between the two studies, with a higher proportion of knee injuries and a relatively lower frequency of lower leg and foot injuries, and much of this change is attributed to improvements in footwear technology.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Elderly patients are usually quite inactive, but should be encouraged to increase their physical activity as a means of improving health status. Moderate increases of activity relative to recent habits are very safe. Potential risks include rare cardiovascular deaths, musculoskeletal injuries, and a poor adaptation to extreme environments. Suitable methods of exercise testing are described for categories ranging from the young elderly to the old elderly. Limitations of formal testing are noted, and it is cautioned that excessively rigorous pre-exercise screening can be counterproductive. Participation in an appropriate exercise program can increase social contacts, improve mood state, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, control obesity, counter lean tissue loss and osteoporosis, and optimize functional ability. A prudent prescription includes gentle pre-exercise stretching, a good warm-up and warm-down, and sufficient cardiovascular and muscle-strengthening exercise to induce no more than pleasant tiredness. The major challenge is to devise a program that will sustain motivation. The activities proposed should reflect the interests and aptitudes of the individual patient, and where possible should be built into the normal daily routine. Recent studies suggest that the elderly benefit from frequent repetition of a quite lowintensity prescription, showing gains of oxygen transport, strength and flexibility that can offset the effects of aging by as much as 20 years. Appropriately planned exercise programs thus not only add to longevity, but (more importantly), they improve the quality of the remaining years of life.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article briefly reviews some of the important aspects of high altitude cardiovascular physiology related to the known and as yet unknown risks to the cardiac patient. Recommendations are made by the authors regarding the screening and risk stratification of cardiac patients preparing to venture on a high altitude trek.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The subject of violence and injuries in ice hockey has generated much public debate in Canada but surprisingly little research. Although many studies on violence and injuries in hockey are available, there seems to be little research dealing with the relationship between the two. Many studies carried out for other purposes, however, provide data that bear on the relationship. This article examines those data and outlines a proposal for a victimization survey designed to overcome some of the methodological problems found in most research associated with this subject.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The athlete with exercise-induced asthma (ElA) is no stranger in elite competitive sports. The clinical presentation is variable and may resemble an attack of acute asthma or merely dyspnea and poor athletic performance. The diagnosis can be made using an exercise challenge test; the patient exercises at an intensity of 90% of maximum heart rate for 6–8 min on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. Postexercise pulmonary function tests (FEV1.0'MMEFR) are compared with pretest values; a difference of 15% is significant. Alternatively, a histamine or methacholine challenge test can assess the bronchial reactivity of the airways and gives results comparable to exercise testing. The management of the asthmatic athlete goes beyond the use of pharmaceutical agents. The intensity, duration, and type of exercise are important considerations. The environment clearly plays a major role in the pathophysiology of EIA, as does the state of aerobic fitness of the athlete. Warm-up exercises can attenuate the response of the airways to physical activity. In the prevention of EIA the β-2 adrenergic agonists, administered in aerosol form, are very effective and are the drugs of choice. Other agents, in particular, sodium cromoglycate, can be used in combination with a β-2 agonist. The use of glucocorticosteroids in the management of EIA is controversial. Several of the commonly used pharmacological agents are not permitted for use by competitive athletes, and the physician must be aware of the current list of banned substances. Recent controversy concerning the use of salbutamol, a frequently prescribed beta agonist, as an ergogenic aid has proved to be unfounded.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Refinements in radionuclide bone imaging in the past decade have provided the clinician with one of the most important diagnostic tools for assessing overuse bone injuries. The triple phase bone scan can be used to determine the location and severity of a stress-induced bony lesion and is particularly indicated in two clinical situations: suspected stress fracture sites that are not readily assessed by physical examination, and high risk stress fractures that, if unrecognized, may lead to longterm disability and morbidity. With the availability of single-photon emission computed tomography, bone scan sensitivity and specificity have improved recently, particularly in stress lesions of the spine. This article reviews the use of radionuclide imaging for clinical diagnosis of overuse bone injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess the frequency, nature, and severity of injuries to participants in equestrian sports, a review of the world literature was performed. Up to 90% of injuries occur in those riders less than 21 years of age, with 70% being female. Furthermore, ∼70% of accidents occur to amateur riders during unsupervised recreational riding. Injury during instruction in a riding school is rare (4%). Approximately 75% of injuries are due to a fall from a horse while 15% are due to a kick. Overall, the most common injury is to the upper extremity (fracture, sprain, or dislocation) consistent with a fall onto the outstretched arm. However, the most common injury necessitating hospitalization is to the head. It is the most common cause of death or disability to the rider. In those riders with serious head injury, the lack of an appropriate protective helmet is almost universal. Only 1–2% of those with neurologic injury wear adequate headgear: the majority wear either no helmet, an inadequate hat, or a helmet that is not secured to the head. Clearly, in this potentially hazardous sport, preventative measures, including the habitual use of an approved helmet, are to be emphasized.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Posttraumatic tarsal pain is a common problem. The imaging evaluation of these patients is assessed with particular attention to the role of screening bone scan and directed computed tomography scanning. An imaging algorithm, whose purpose is to streamline diagnostic imaging, is outlined.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The medial collateral, or deltoid ligament of the ankle is a strong, complex, fan-shaped structure that yields itself grudgingly, only after significant force application. Rupture in almost all cases occurs in association with fracture of the fibula or distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption. Partial rupture in isolation has been reported, but complete rupture in isolation has not. We report deltoid ligament rupture with radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging confirmation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID