ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of transdermal ketoprofen in reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), limiting systemic absorption, and improving postexercise function following repetitive muscle contraction.DesignDouble-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.SettingOrthoMed, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.ParticipantsThirty-two healthy males 18 to 35 years old.InterventionsSubjects performed a leg extension and flexion exercise program designed to create DOMS in quadriceps muscles. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive any combination of transdermal ketoprofen or placebo cream, applied TID, to their right and left quadriceps.Main Outcome MeasuresSubjective measure of DOMS in quadriceps muscles, serum ketoprofen levels, strength index scores (a measure of postexercise function), and adverse reactions were assessed at baseline, 24 hours, and 48 hours.ResultsWithin-subjects analysis (n = 16) showed a significant reduction in DOMS scores in legs receiving transdermal ketoprofen compared with legs receiving placebo cream (P= 0.002 at 48 hours and 0.000 at 24 and 48 hours combined). Between-subjects analysis (n = 16) showed a marginally significant reduction in DOMS scores at 48 hours (P= 0.05 in right legs and 0.053 in left legs). Systemic absorption was minimal, with serum ketoprofen levels in the ng/mL range. No differences in strength index scores were observed. No adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionsTransdermal ketoprofen appears to be effective in reducing self-reported DOMS after repetitive muscle contraction, particularly after 48 hours. Systemic absorption of the drug was minimal. Treatment did not appear to have any effect on postexercise function, and there were no reported adverse reactions.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the serum &bgr;-enolase level is a useful indicator of exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes.DesignBlood samples were taken from 49 adult amateur marathon runners before and immediately after a marathon race, and the serum levels of &bgr;-enolase and creatine phosphokinase were measured.SettingThe Aoshima Taiheiyo Marathon 2000, Miyazaki, Japan, on a cloudy day in December with an ambient temperature of 18°C.SubjectsForty-nine adult amateur marathon runners (42 men and 7 women) who regularly participated in runs.InterventionThe intervention was a marathon run.Main Outcome MeasuresSerum &bgr;-enolase was measured using a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum creatine phosphokinase was measured using a standard procedure.ResultsThe mean &bgr;-enolase concentration was 9.45 ± 3.11 ng/mL before the race. It increased to 22.11 ± 8.80 ng/mL after the race, representing a proportional increase of 1.57 ± 1.46. The serum concentration of &bgr;-enolase after the race was significantly higher than that before the race (P< 0.0001). Moreover, the serum &bgr;-enolase level increased as much as the creatine phosphokinase level after the race, and strongly correlated with creatine phosphokinase (r= 0.828,P< 0.0001). The proportional increase of &bgr;-enolase also correlated with that of creatine phosphokinase (r= 0.441,P< 0.005).ConclusionsOur data suggest that the absolute values of the serum &bgr;-enolase are more appropriate to relate to muscle damage.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of head injuries and related symptoms among college athletes and examine knowledge of head injury consequences and behavioral tendencies of athletes in the presence of symptoms.DesignRetrospective survey.ParticipantsA total of 461 male and female athletes beginning competitive play at the University of Akron (Akron, OH) during the years 1995 to 2001.Main Outcome MeasuresResponses to survey questions were analyzed to determine the frequency of concussions and injury-related symptoms (eg, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting) in addition to behavioral responses in the presence of certain symptoms (eg, playing with headache, failure to report symptoms while playing). Written responses to queries regarding symptom knowledge were analyzed for thematic content and were used to identify deficiencies in signs and symptoms of concussion.ResultsNearly 32% of all athletes had experienced a blow to the head causing dizziness, with over 1/4 confirming various somatic symptoms following a blow to the head (eg, seeing stars, nausea or vomiting, head pain). Continuing to play despite symptom presence was noted (eg, dizziness, 28.2%; headache, 30.4%), with 19.5% reporting a concussion diagnosis. Knowledge of head injury consequences was found to be deficient, with 56% indicating no knowledge of the possible consequences following a head injury. Of those providing responses, the majority reflected awareness of cognitive (eg, memory problems) and physical (eg, brain damage) consequences.ConclusionsA sizable number of athletes may enter collegiate play with a previous concussion diagnosis, and many more are likely to have experienced symptoms suggestive of a mild head injury. Of considerable concern is the tendency to play while symptomatic (eg, headache, dizziness) and the failure to report symptoms while playing—especially among football players (25.2%). The apparent deficiency in athlete knowledge of head injury consequences raises concern regarding athlete recognition of potentially problematic symptoms and represents an important area for educational intervention.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveInvestigate the relationship between on-field markers of concussion severity and postinjury neuropsychological and symptom presentation in an athlete-specific population.DesignCase control study.SettingMulticenter analysis of high school and college athletes.ParticipantsA total of 78 athletes sustaining sports-related concussion were selected from a larger sample of 139 concussed athletes.Assessment of Predictor VariablesOn-field presence of disorientation, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and loss of consciousness.Main Outcome MeasuresImPACT, a computerized neuropsychological test battery, was administered pre-season and, on average, 2 days postinjury.Goodpostinjury presentation (n = 44) was defined as no measurable change, relative to baseline, in terms of both ImPACT memory and symptom composite scores.Poorpresentation (n = 34) was defined as a 10-point increase in symptom reporting and 10-point decrease in memory functioning (exceeding the 80% confidence interval for measurement error on ImPACT). Athletes failing to meet good or poor selection criteria (n = 61) were not included in the analysis.ResultsOdds ratios revealed that athletes demonstrating poor presentation at 2 days postinjury were over 10 times more likely (P< 0.001) to have exhibited retrograde amnesia following concussive injury when compared with athletes exhibiting good presentation. Similarly, athletes with poor presentation were over 4 times more likely (P< 0.013) to have exhibited posttraumatic amnesia and at least 5 minutes of mental status change. There were no differences between good and poor presentation groups in terms of on-field loss of consciousness.ConclusionsThe presence of amnesia, not loss of consciousness, appears predictive of symptom and neurocognitive deficits following concussion in athletes. Athletes presenting with on-field amnesia should undergo comprehensive and individualized assessment prior to returning to sport participation. Continued refinement of sports concussion grading scales is warranted in lieu of consistent findings that brief loss of consciousness is not predictive of concussion injury severity.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ContextWith increasing knowledge and research about concussion, there have been few objective studies that have used neuropsychological domain scores and postural stability to assess concussion.ObjectiveTo evaluate the recovery curve of athletes who incur sport-related concussion from repeated serial testing of neuropsychological and posturography testing.DesignA prospective epidemiological model was used for the course of the study.SettingDivision I intercollegiate athletics.ParticipantsAthletes participating in football, soccer, basketball, softball, and cheerleading.Main Outcome MeasuresNeuropsychological scores and posturography measures were obtained preseason and serially at day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 10 postconcussion. Control participants were tested at the same intervals. Neuropsychological scores were converted to standards score and then into domains of attention, learning, speed of information processing, concentration, memory, and verbal fluency. Analysis of covariance with the baseline test as the covariate was used to analyze the data with univariate post hoc tests performed.ResultsSignificant group differences were found for self reported symptoms (P= 0.001), speed of information processing (P= 0.005), mean stability (P= 0.002), and vestibular function (P= 0.003) between injured and control participants. A group, by day, planned comparison found that speed of information processing and composite balance measures demonstrated significant differences through day 10 postinjury, while symptoms and the vestibular ratio remained significant only through day 3.ConclusionsThe concussion recovery curve demonstrated short-term neuropsychological and posturography deficits following injury. A comprehensive approach to concussion management should be used to assess the injury and make return-to-play decisions.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate muscle strength and muscle endurance in women during 3 well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle: early follicular phase, ovulation phase, and midluteal phase.DesignProspective, within-woman analysis was performed of muscle strength and muscle endurance by repeated measures analysis of variance in 3 hormonally verified phases of 2 consecutive menstrual cycles.ParticipantsFifteen female subjects with moderate physical activity level and regular menstrual cycles volunteered to participate in the study. Analyses are based on 10 subjects who completed 2 consecutive menstrual cycles with hormonally verified phases.Main Outcome MeasurementsHandgrip strength, 1-leg hop test, isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were measured in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles in the early follicular phase, in the ovulation phase, and in the midluteal phase. Isokinetic muscle strength and endurance were tested with knee extension exercise on a standard instrument. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by analysis of sex hormone levels in serum, and ovulation was detected by luteinizing hormone surge in urine.ResultsNo significant variation in muscle strength or muscle endurance could be detected during different well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle.ConclusionsThis study detected no significant variation in muscle strength and muscle endurance during the menstrual cycle. In contrast to other studies showing variations in strength and endurance during the menstrual cycle, the present study was hormonally validated and was repeated in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. However, it is unknown whether these data in moderately active university students would be relevant to the highly trained woman athlete.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the method of sliding that propels the baseball athlete to the desired base in the shortest amount of time. To assess the athlete's perception of the quickest, safest, and preferred sliding technique.DesignA single occasion with repeated measures design was used. The independent variable was slide type, and the dependent variable was time.SettingThe study was conducted in October 2000 at the University of Kentucky baseball complex.ParticipantsTwenty collegiate baseball players.InterventionsHigh-speed video (to 1/200th of second) analysis of 20 collegiate baseball players performing 3 trials each of both head-first and feet-first sliding techniques. Additionally, each participant was asked to complete a sliding survey.Main Outcome MeasuresThe videotape of each slide performed was reviewed separately (using the same viewing equipment) by 2 of the study investigators. Slide type and time were recorded for each slide.ResultsThere was no significant difference between head-first versus feet-first slide times (P= 0.357). The average time for feet-first slides was 3.67 seconds, while that for head-first was 3.65 seconds. Sixty-eight percent of the players felt that head-first slides were faster than feet-first slides. Seventy-four percent identified the feet-first slide as the technique they most used, while 90% of the athletes perceived the feet-first technique to be safer.ConclusionsOn average, head-first and feet-first sliding techniques employed at the end aspect of base running propel the baseball player to the base in similar times. The head-first sliding technique is perceived to be faster and more dangerous.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of plasma volume change with short-term training and diuresis on left ventricular diastolic filling and exercise oxygen uptake (VO2) in older versus younger men.MethodsEleven older (68 ± 5 y) physically active (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] = 25.9 ± 3.6 mL · kg−1· min−1) and 10 younger sedentary males (24 ± 5 y, VO2max40.5 ± 5.0 mL · kg−1· min−1) were randomly assigned to 5 consecutive days of (1) 1 h/d high intensity stationary cycling (EXER); (2) 100 mg/d spironolactone (DIUR); and (3) exercise and diuretic (EXDI). Each treatment was separated by a 21-day washout. Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular diastolic filling including peak early and atrial transmitral flow velocity and isovolumic relaxation time; percent change in plasma volume; submaximal VO2kinetics; and VO2maxwere determined at baseline and 48 hours after each treatment.ResultsPlasma volume was increased more in the young following EXER (8.92 ± 7.6 vs. 6.2%,P= 0.038) and decreased more in the older group following DIUR (−11.5% vs. −3.54 ± 9.0,P< 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups after EXDI. Significant changes in peak early flow velocity with EXER in older subjects were not reflected in any other changes in left ventricular diastolic filling across conditions. No changes in left ventricular diastolic filling were observed in the young group with any condition. VO2maxand VO2kinetics were unchanged under all conditions from baseline in both groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that exercise VO2responses either at maximal or submaximal workrates are not limited by alterations in left ventricular pump function in physically fit older adults.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID