摘要:

AbstractIn this prospective study, 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiographs, double-contrast arthrography, and computerized tomographic (CT) arthrography followed within 2 weeks by arthroscopy. The MRI was noninvasive but not more accurate than the other imaging modalities, and no method was more than 81% accurate.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of resistance on sprint power and the relationship between sprint and aerobic power production in wheelchair propulsion was evaluated. Six able-bodied subjects performed nine 20-s sprint tests on a stationary wheelchair ergometer (varying workload of 0–22.4 Nm for each side) and an aerobic maximum wheelchair exercise test to study both anaerobic and aerobic power production. Ergometer data were analyzed unilaterally. Of all power and torque parameters, only maximal power output was independent of resisting load (mean value 375 W, one-sided). Mean sprint power output over 20 s (Pmean; one-sided) increased from 21 W to 87 W. The highest power output, P5, calculated over a period of 5 s (unilateral) increased from 24 W to 101 W. The Pmeanand P5reached more or less constant values at the final two levels of resistance. The observed increase in power output with increasing load is the result of a greater increase in torque compared to the decrease in velocity. Mean maximal power in the maximal aerobic exercise test (n = 5) was 79 W, representing 42% of mean power (averaged over the nine sprint tests) and 37% of P5. In contrast to Pmeanand P5, Pmaxshowed a significant association with peak aerobic power production and peak oxygen uptake. This may indicate that Pmaxis an indicator of overall performance capacity, whereas Pmeanand P5are much more sprint related. The methodology of wheelchair exercise testing requires further detailed study with respect to the physiology and bio-mechanics of arm work, the functionality of the subject population, and reliability and validity of procedures and techniques. Eventually this should lead to standardized and reliable testing procedures. Both a standardized sprint test and a standardized aerobic wheelchair performance test can serve as additional tools in the evaluation of physical performance in wheelchair sports medicine. Perhaps more important, they may also serve as clinical tools in the evaluation of the process of rehabilitation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Injury data for ice hockey was collected over a 1-year period from the emergency departments of the Hotel Dieu and Kingston General Hospitals in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. A total of 833 injuries were treated, 95% of which were to males. The head and neck had the highest injury frequency (31%) followed by the lower extremity (25%), the upper extremity (24%), and the torso (19%). Bruises (40%) were most often diagnosed, followed by lacerations (22%), sprains/strains (19%), and fractures (15%). Facial lacerations were found to be prevalent in an age group that indicates that recreational hockey players are at an elevated risk of facial injury. It is recommended that facial protection should be mandatory in all levels of ice hockey. The data also indicated that many athletes wait too long before seeking treatment for their injuries. The researchers concluded that the emergency department can be a rich source of data in the surveillance of sport and recreation injuries. Prevention strategies can be developed from the injury patterns that appear.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the electromyographic activity (EMG) of dynamically or statically working and nonworking muscles and blood lactate concentrations during progressive exercise in seven endurance-trained and seven speed-trained male athletes. Blood lactate concentrations during the incremental exercise showed a high correlation with EMG not only in dynamically loaded antagonists (m. rectus and biceps femoris) and m. soleus, but also in nonworking muscle (m. frontalis). No relationship was found between EMG and blood lactate in statically loaded m. trapezius. The nonlinearity in EMG versus the progressively increasing power output curves was observed in dynamically working leg muscles and nonworking m. frontalis, but not in m. trapezius. The nonlinear increase in EMG, which can be the EMG threshold, occurred within the range of exercise intensities corresponding to the individual anaerobic threshold and the anaerobic threshold at the blood lactate level of 4 mmol .I-1(4 mM-AT). The EMG threshold for m. soleus, rich in slow-twitch fibers, was found just at the individual anaerobic threshold in both the endurance- and speed-trained groups. On the contrary, the EMG threshold for m. rectus f., which is mainly composed of fast-twitch fibers, approximated the anaerobic threshold at a blood lactate level of 4 mmol . I-1, especially in endurance-trained athletes. The results indicate that the EMG threshold reflects the threshold pattern in blood lactate accumulation during progressive exercise in endurance- as well as speed-trained athletes. Therefore, it may serve in sports medicine practice as a useful, noninvasive measure of anaerobic threshold.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractThis article explores recent research in psychology, physiology, endocrinology, and animal behavior that bears on the relationship between compulsive athleticism and the eating disorders. There are several differences and a number of likenesses between these groups. Both groups are composed of persistent, perfectionistic, high-achieving persons. Compulsive (“addicted”) athletes appear healthier than eating-disordered patients on psychological tests, even though the athletes may do or say things that appear irrational. The relationship between compulsive athleticism and the eating disorders can best be described in terms of a risk-factor model. Perfectionistic persons can be easily caught up in a diet or exercise program and can become even more committed through social reinforcement and the formation of a reciprocal feedback loop. When perfectionistic persons engage in extreme exertion while following a restricted, “healthy” diet, this can increase obsessional behavior by affecting mood and cognition. Eating-disordered patients experience similar changes in personality and behavior secondary to stress and dietary restriction.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractTraumatic lateral side knee joint injury with concomitant peroneal nerve palsy is a devastating injury combination. Three patients seen with long-term follow-up had poor knee function. Each had a posterior tibialis tendon transfer to compensate for a resultant foot drop. The literature on this combination of injuries is reviewed.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractAlthough exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (often referred to as exercise-induced asthma) is well-known, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAx) is less well-known yet potentially much more serious. A 28-year-old female athlete who had three episodes of EIAx is described. The exact mechanisms involved in EIAx are unknown, but a release of mediators including histamine appears to be a common underlying factor. Once anaphylaxis has been triggered, administration of epinephrine is the most effective treatment. For prevention, food allergies should be identified and the appropriate foods removed from the diet. EIAx-prone people should not exercise for at least 2 h following ingestion of food or alcohol; these people should also be supplied with epinephrine self-injection kits and advised to exercise on a buddy system, especially in wilderness areas. The possible role of opioid antagonists is as yet unclear.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AbstractAvulsion fractures of the knee are often pathognomonic for a specific ligament lesion. For example, avulsion fractures of the lateral head of the tibia (Segond's fragment) are often ACL lesions. Similarly, medial tibial avulsion fractures are sometimes associated with a PCL lesion. We report on two padents with this lesion, describing the instability pattern, the operative reconstruction, and the rehabilitation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID