摘要:

Polyclonal anti‐deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) antisera was produced in rabbits. The immunogen was synthesized by using acetyl esterase to deacylate 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol hemiglutarate and coupling the product to bovine serum albumin using the mixed anhydride reaction. The antiserum was very specific for deoxynivalenol in a microtitration plate ELISA that had a limit of detection of 90 pg per well. A simple, rapid extraction procedure was employed to enable the ELISA to be used for analysis of the deoxynivalenol in wheat.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354710

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cheilinus rhodochrous(po'ou, wrasse) was examined by various assays for the presence of toxins associated with ciguatera fish poisoning. These assays were a stick enzyme immunoassay (S‐EIA); and extraction, chromatography on silica gel, and examination of the fractions by stick enzyme immunoassay, mouse toxicity assay, and guinea pig atrial assay. The active toxic principles were found in the 10% (v/v) and 50% (v/v) methanol/chloroform eluates of viscera and flesh, and had characteristics similar to ciguatoxins found in carnivores.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354711

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An indirect, double antibody, microtitration plate ELISA technique was used to assay aflatoxin B, in samples of peanuts, Brazil nuts, almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts. The minimum dilutions of nut extracts required to prevent interferences were of 1 in 10 for almonds; of 1 in 20 for Brazil nuts and peanuts; and of 1 in 50 for hazelnuts and walnuts. The ELISA procedure was validated for aflatoxin B, detection in the shelled nuts referred to above by determining the percentage of this toxin recovered from artificially spiked nut samples. The results confirmed that this technique can be used for aflatoxin B1determination in these nuts. The comparative studies undertaken using naturally contaminated peanut samples also led to the conclusion that this ELISA protocol can be recommended as an alternative to the already adopted thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method. It was also observed that placing peanut samples under a UV light is not an advisable method of ascertaining aflatoxin B1contamination of these nuts, as levels of 0.6 μg g‐1were not detectable.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354712

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

By a combination of monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a simplified extraction procedure, the contents of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig, cow and horse serum and in mixed feeds for pigs were analyzed. Preliminary ELISA with anti‐OTA mAb. 7/alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐labelled second antibody has revealed that all 19 sera of pigs contained OTA at an average of 0–4 ngml‐1, and these data were closely correlated with HPLC analysis (r = 0.903). OTA in the sera was confirmed by both chemical methylation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The levels of OTA in one fetal pig serum sample and in five cow serum samples were below the detection limit of the ELISA (<0.1 ngml‐1). HPLC analysis revealed 0.3 and 0.7 μg kg‐1of OTA in two samples of mixed feeds. The second survey on 139 serum samples with an improved ELISA utilizing horseradish peroxidase (POD) as enzyme label giving a detection limit of 0.01 ngml‐1) has demonstrated average levels of 0.36, 0.02 and 0–11 ng ml‐1for OTA in serum from pig (124 samples), cow (14 samples) and horse (1 sample), respectively. The third survey on 17 pig sera also demonstrated that all samples were contaminated with OTA at an average of 5.2 ngml‐1. These three trials indicated that the present procedure based on the ELISA with anti‐OTA mAb. 7/POD‐labelled second antibody and the simple extraction procedure is an excellent tool for mass survey of OTA in livestock sera. This is the first report demonstrating the natural occurrence of OTA in livestock sera and mixed feeds in Japan.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354713

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Blood and mammary secretions were collected from involuted mammary glands of five primiparous Holstein cows to determine the effects of serum and mammary secretion skims on mononuclear cell proliferation. Proliferation was stimulated using concana‐valin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and a mixed leukocyte assay. Autologous mammary secretion skims suppressed blood mononuclear cell proliferation. Suppression was reduced slightly when secretion was added 24 h following initiation of cultures. Addition of autologous serum enhanced mammary gland mononuclear cell proliferation markedly, in some cases equalling or exceeding responses of blood mononuclear cells from the same donors. Ability of serum to restore mammary mononuclear cell proliferation suggests that mammary mononuclear cells may be as competent as blood mononuclear cells if inhibitory effects of mammary secretion can be overcome.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354714

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The monoclonal antibody technology has provided a means to produce a supply of highly specific uniform antibody which is useful in the detection of plant viruses and which facilitates disease resistance screening. Because of the specificity of a monoclonal antibody to an epitope, a monoclonal antibody may not react to a partially degraded protein. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a member of the potyvirus group and is transmitted by the wheat curl mite Eriophyes tulipae Keifer. The capsid protein of WSMV, like many potyviruses, is degraded in planta. Monoclonal antibodies produced to WSMV reacted to native as well as trypsin treated virions. The antibodies were also useful for evaluation of hard red winter wheat cultivars inoculated with WSMV in the fall or in the spring under field conditions.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354715

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354709

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor