摘要:

This study presents chemical, pharmacological and immunological data of marine toxin(s) in the gut and flesh ofMulloidichythys auriflamma(weke). Forty‐four per cent of weke tested gave a negative result with the stick enzyme immunoassay (S‐EIA), while 56% were in the toxic category. Extracts of gut and flesh of the positive S‐EIA samples gave high values of 1193 and 1364 mouse units (MU), respectively. Four fractions of the extracts were obtained by silica gel chromatography (CHCl3;10% MeOH/CHCl3;50% MeOH/CHCl3; and 100% MeOH). The toxic fraction from the gut was in the 50% MeOH/CHCl3eluate. Toxic fractions from the flesh were in the 50% MeOH/CHCl3residue. The 50% MeOH/CHCl3fraction of the gut showed strong inotropic and chronotropic effects with no antagonism by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and verapamil, but a significant blockage of the inotropic response was shown with the adrenergic inhibitors propranolol and phentolamine. The 10% and 50% MeOH/CHCl3fractions of the weke flesh were partially inhibited by TTX and verapamil, unlike the viscera fractions. The butyl alcohol extract of the sand appeared to be similar to that of the viscera in the guinea‐pig atrial response.M. auriflammatoxin(s) is highly toxic in mice and appears to be unlike ciguatoxin isolated from moray eel in the guinea‐pig atrium assay.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354697

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sensitive streptavidin‐biotin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk is described. This test is based on a procedure developed earlier for the direct detection of CAP in crude aqueous meat extracts. Milk samples were defatted by centrifugation, filtered and directly submitted to the ELISA procedure. The results were compared with the values obtained by analysis of a part of the sample from which CAP was removed by an immobilized monoclonal antibody preparation. In spiked samples the presence of CAP at concentrations of 1·0 μg/kg and higher can be easily demonstrated. The possibility of the interpretation of the ELISA results with a statistical method, i.e. the so‐called standard deviation ratio (SDR) procedure, was also investigated.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354698

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sensitive competition enzyme‐immunoassay for quantification of gluten in foods was developed, using horseradish peroxidase‐labelled monoclonal antibodies. Selected antibodies specific for wheat omega‐gliadin components were used, and these antibodies bound proteins from the related cereals, rye and barley, which are also toxic to individuals with gluten‐intolerance (coeliac disease). Binding of these antibodies was not inhibited by heating of gluten during cooking or baking and the assay did not detect cereals not toxic in coeliac disease, such as maize or rice. Gluten could be quantified at higher levels in meat products or in cereal products such as flours or baked goods. Results were not affected by wheat variety. Quantitiative results could be obtained using simple extraction techniques and solvents (40% or 70% ethanol). Detection of gluten was quantitative in a wide range of foods, except for certain products containing gluten proteins that had been subjected to severe heat, enzymic or chemical treatment. In these products overestimates rather than underestimates were usually obtained.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354699

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The latex agglutination assay for detection ofAspergillusandPenicilliumspecies in food products was tested by nine different laboratories. The test is a slide agglutination test which uses latex particles sensitized with immunoglobulins specific for extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) produced by species ofAspergillusandPenicillium.False positive results are recognized by use of sensitized latex particles, to which synthesized haptens have been added. These haptens, with an identical structure of the epitopes present on the EPS, specifically block the immunoglobulins present on the latex particles. False negative results are recognized by addition of EPS to test samples. Besides the latex agglutination assay, the collaborative laboratories used their own methods for detection of moulds in the food products. Eight of the nine laboratories applied the colony counting method for enumeration of moulds and in total seven different media were used. Using purified EPS, eight laboratories were able to detect a quantity ranging from 5–15 ng/ml. Of the different foods tested cereals, animal feed and spices showed fair correlation between mould colony count and latex agglutination titre. For other products, such as different fruit juices, a correlation was not observed. Of the different foods tested by the participating laboratories, walnuts gave clearly false positive results. The results of the collaborative study have shown that the latex agglutination is a rapid, simple and reliable quantitive method for detection ofPenicilliumandAspergillusin cereals, spices and animal feeds.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354700

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

After immunization of six BALB/c mice with saxitoxin (STX) coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin only one mouse developed serum antibodies specific to STX. By hybridizing the splenocytes of this mouse with X63‐Ag8.653 myeloma cells one hybridoma line secreting antibodies to STX was produced. The antibody was designated 5C2 and proved to be IgM. In an indirect enzyme immunoassay using STX coupled to bovine serum albumin as the immobilized phase, the monoclonal antibody reacted with free STX in a concentration range of 4 to 10 μg per ml.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354701

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Biology of Food Irradiation

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354702

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109009354696

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor