ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354806

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Standardized immunoassays for environmental monitoring require monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with defined selectivities and affinities. An important step in the production of MAbs is the development of efficient screening procedures to identify suitable cell lines. We demonstrate the usefulness of immunomagnetic cell separation for the screening of hybridomas. It is based on the expression of surface receptors resembling the secreted antibodies on the membrane surface of hybridoma cells. Producers are tagged by the target molecule covalently linked to magnetic beads and subsequently removed by permanent magnet. Several examples are given surpassing conventional techniques for the screening of s‐triazine antibodies.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354807

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with a high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the analysis of carbendazim and thiabendazole in fruit and vegetables. The method was found to be rapid, simple and repeatable; the main disadvantages being that the ELISA used could not distinguish between carbendazim and thiabendazole and that there were matrix effects from solvents and sample extracts. Consequently, a simple screening procedure was devised for carbendazim in fruit and vegetables. Samples were extracted by maceration with methanol and analyzed using immunoassay kits. Recoveries from 100 to 123% were achieved. The screening procedure was applied to samples of fruit and vegetables over a period of 12 months and compared with conventional HPLC methodology. The correlation coefficient between the two techniques was 0.91 and the ELISA method represented a saving of 54% in time and used only 12% of the solvent used for HPLC analysis.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354808

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody for the detection of ethyl parathion has been developed. The assay is capable of detecting ethyl parathion in water or milk in the range 0.001–40 μg ml‐1. The specificity of the technique was studied by inhibition assay. Cross‐reactivity with related compounds showed that the antibody reacted with ethyl parathion, methyl parathion and reduced parathion but did not react significantly with the structurally related compounds paraxon, p‐nitrophenol, malathion and dimethoate. Cross‐reactions at 40 μg gl‐1, the highest concentration assayed, produced inhibition by paraxon (40%), p‐nitrophenol (30%), malathion (15%) and dimethoate (0%).

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354809

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A number of milk samples collected in Egypt from different animal species and at different locations were analyzed for the presence of the organochloride pesticides aldrin and dieldrin. A simple competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection and quantification of aldrin and dieldrin in milk samples from different species: buffalo, cow, goat, sheep and donkey. Pesticides were detected in 62.5% (10/16) of the buffalo milk samples, 73.33% (11/15) of the cows’ milk samples, 25% (3/12) of the goats’ milk samples, 71.42% (5/7) of the sheeps’ milk samples and 66–66% (2/3) of the donkeys’ milk samples.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354810

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper details the results obtained when a number of egg samples, collected in Egypt from different races of chicken were analyzed for the presence of the organochlorine insecticides aldrin and dieldrin. A simple ELISA was used for the detection and quantification of aldrin and dieldrin. The test was modified for application in this high protein system. Pesticide was detected in 83–352% (14/17) of the samples at levels ranging from 0.006 to 0.7 ppm (0.006 to 0.7 μg ml‐1). People eating eggs containing these amounts of pesticides which are above the World Health Organisation average daily intake levels would be at increased risk.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354811

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Coccidiosis is a complex disease that affects many farm animals, but which can be especially serious in poultry. Control of coccidiosis is essential for efficient, modern poultry productions; thus coccidiostats are extensively used to control this disease. The most commonly used coccidiostats in poultry are the polyether monocarboxylic ionophores including monensin and salinomycin. Polyether ionophores also improve feed utilization by ruminants. However, the quantity of such ionophores for effective control of coccidiosis in chickens may prove highly toxic to other agriculturally important animals. Over the past few years, we have developed monoclonal antibody‐based immunoassays for both salinomycin and monensin. In addition, we have developed immunoassays for dimetridazole and for halofuginone, the latter being a heavily used non‐ionophore coccidiostat. The advantages of the immunoassays over the conventional analytical methods are discussed as well as the characteristics of the individual immunoassays.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354812

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A ‘generic’ enzyme immunoassay (ETA) has been developed which is capable of detecting chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline with a limit of determination well below the current maximum residual limit of 600 ng g‐1kidney‐1. The EIA requires no prior sample clean‐up or concentration, being applied directly to tissue homogenate, and will also detect tetracyclines in milk up to 15 ng ml‐1.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354813

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Monoclonal antibodies produced against protein‐type inhibitors from pea or soybean were used for investigations of the chemical and antigenic properties of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from pea. Cross‐reactivity studies revealed only the existence of Bowman‐Birk‐type inhibitors in pea. The inhibitors could be divided into at least two groups of iso‐inhibitors based on their characteristics in binding to different monoclonal antibodies produced against pea trypsin inhibitors or Bowman‐Birk inhibitor from soybean. The inhibitor contents in a series of pea extracts were measured in an ELISA‐based system using the different antibodies. Comparison with the inhibitor activity measured by traditional enzymatic analysis performed as microassay showed that only the inhibitor content of one of the two inhibitor groups correlated strongly with the trypsin inhibitor activity. The immunoassay was also shown to be suitable for measurement of inhibitor content after heat treatment as the results suggested that the two inhibitor groups contained equally heat resistant inhibitors.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354814

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Whey protein concentrates of cows’ milk are used widely in dairy products including infant formulas. A major component is the potent allergen bovine β‐lactoglobulin (BLG). Two easy and sensitive substrate‐amplified indirect competitive ELISAs for BLG, one using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) K97 raised against heat‐treated BLG, and another using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 61B4 specific to the epitope Thr125‐Lys135are described. Furthermore, a new whey protein test kit specific for BLG was tested. A new video‐based digital image processing system was used to read, evaluate and calculate data from the microtitre plates. The detection limit was 0.08 ng ml‐1for the PAb assay, which was sufficient for the use of this assay as a test method for ‘milk‐free’ products. The detection limit was 3.2 ng ml‐1for the MAb assay and 144 ng ml‐1’ for the commercially available kit. Thirteen commercially available infant formulas on the Danish market, including four hypoallergenic products and cows’ milk, were tested. The BLG content varied from 0.2 to 727 μg ml‐1, quantified with the PAb assay. The hypoallergenic infant formula with the lowest amount of BLG was Nutramigen containing about 0.1% residual BLG compared with the ordinary infant formula Nidina 1. The knowledge of residual BLG content in hypoallergenic infant formulas is important for a more qualified nutritional recommendation to parents with children genetically susceptible to allergies and for quality assurance of infant formulas claimed to be hypoallergenic.

ISSN:0954-0105    

DOI:10.1080/09540109409354815

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor