摘要:

High-resolution structural imaging of ischemic lesions now enables the assignment of complex ischemic clinical symptoms to cortical and subcortical lesions. Functional imaging shows some new features of cerebral ischemia which can be directly investigated in the individual patient. Vascular imaging is rapidly improving with the introduction of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Today its diagnostic value is unsettled but promising, in particular if used in combination with other techniques like ultrasonography and positron emission tomography (PET).

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Randomized clinical trials provide the most reliable evidence of the risks and benefits of a treatment or management plan. Often it is necessary to have information from many thousands of patients in a clinical trial to know how to manage the next patient in the clinic. Recent trials in stroke prevention will change clinical practice by the more appropriate use of carotid endarterectomy and the use of anticoagulation in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. Other studies have indicated that modification of risk factors, such as decreased salt consumption, is important. Despite many new trials there is still no proven treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. To provide reliable evidence on the risks and benefits of treatment of acute stroke we need much larger randomized controlled trials.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A selection of the literature on vision published in the last 2 years from various neuroscience disciplines is reviewed. It is organized around the notion of independent processing mechanisms for sensory cues such as wavelength, intensity and orientation; these are subsequently integrated for the perception of colour, brightness and contours, for example, which then feed into higher order systems for visual recognition (words and objects) and visuospatial cognition. A strict hierarchical system is, however, not plausible. Apart from the physiological evidence against such a concept, the widespread observations of ‘knowledge without awareness’ suggest direct links between different levels, which by-pass conscious experience.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Developmental dyslexia has until recently been considered to belong solely in the domain of educational psychology. With the advent of better theories on language and reading, and better methods for assessing the structure and function of living human brains and for determining genetic transmission, dyslexia is now poised to become a focal concern of cognitive neuroscience and genetic research. Recent findings from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and genetics research are reviewed.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A host of recent investigations and new theoretical models have advanced our understanding of the neural underpinnings of speech and language in humans. The application of positron emission tomography (PET) techniques to the investigation of language has provided corroborating evidence regarding the role of left hemisphere structures previously associated with language, together with some intriguing new findings. Innovative ideas regarding the ontogeny of language have come from studies of deaf infants who appear to babble with signs in much the same way that hearing infants babble vocally. A number of investigators have focused on the controversial syndrome known as progressive aphasia, and new evidence has supported the importance of this syndrome from both diagnostic (e.g. providing clues regarding neuropathology) and scientific (e.g. yielding information about the organization of lexical access structures in left temporal lobe) perspectives.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review discusses the neurological basis of human memory focusing on brain–behavior relations as revealed in patients with memory disorders due to brain lesions. A few relevant animal studies are also discussed. Recent studies are reviewed that provide new insights into the anatomic, chemical, and psychological organization of memory in health and neurological diseases.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are the major histopathological changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). How these two different types of lesions are related to each other and to the dementia of AD is unknown. Recent studies lead to paradoxical conclusions: NFT and neuronal alterations such as synapse loss are much more closely related to the symptoms of dementia than are SP. However, mutations in the β-amyloid protein of SP have been found in some patients with familial AD, suggesting that an abnormality in amyloid causes the development of SP, NFT and AD dementia. Examination of transgenic animals that produce amyloid precursor protein (APP), or altered forms of APP, may lead to the development of an animal model of AD, and ultimately to answers that link amyloid production to neuronal alterations, and cognitive impairments.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neural transplantation has emerged as a useful tool for neurobiologists to investigate basic mechanisms of brain function, as well as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. At present, intracerebral grafting is not a therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or dementia. However, recent developments using molecular biological methodologies in combination with grafting have opened new avenues to explore new therapeutic approaches and address questions of etiology.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The current status of cholinesterase inhibitors, vasopressin, gangliosides and pramiracetam, as well as medications used in the symptomatic treatment of behavioural disturbances is briefly considered.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID