摘要:

The distribution of normal and abnormal forms among motile, non‐motile, live, and dead spermatozoa was investigated. For this purpose samples from each specimen of 100 fertile and infertile patients was photographed twice: once with the aid of the multiple exposure photography (MEP) technique and again by an ordinary high‐speed phase‐contrast photomicrography. From enlarged projected photographed images, percentage of abnormal forms in both, non motile fraction and in the whole sperm population were determined. By using a simple formula the percentage of abnormal forms among motile spermatozoa has been easily calculated.An average of 42% abnormal forms among all 100 analyzed specimens was found. However, this rate was not distributed equally among the two sperm populations: only 22% abnormal forms were among motile spermatozoa, contrary to 59% among non‐motile spermatozoa. In 30 specimens that have been further analyzed by the combined supravital staining and the MEP method, percentage of abnormal forms among non‐motile‐live spermatozoa was found to be 32, and 67 among the fraction of dead spermatozoa.The importance of studying the distribution of normal forms among motile spermatozoa, and the question of any relationship of this parameter to the fertilization capacity of the semen, i

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of zinc ligands in human seminal plasma has been studied with gel filtration techniques. With an eluant of 0.05 M Tris with 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4, a mean of 11.6% of the zinc was bound to ligands with a molecular weights>80 000 (HMW), 26.9% to ligands with molecular weights between 3000 and 80 000 (IMW), and 61.5% to ligands with molecular weights<3000 (LMW), respectively (N = 21). Under standardized conditions the results were highly reproducible. There was a significant shift of zinc from HMW to LMW ligands if pH was less than 7 or higher than 8, or if phosphate ions were present. There was a temperature dependent shift of zinc from IMW towards LMW ligands indicating an enzymatic degradation of the IMW ligands. HMW was not changed with time if the semen samples were kept at room temperature for up 24 h. Despite a prostatic origin of zinc in human seminal plasma there was a co‐variation between the fructose concentration (a vesicular marker) and zinc bound to HMW, i.e. the higher the fructose concentration the more zinc was recovered from the HMW‐ligands. If HMW originates from the seminal vesicles this indicate a post‐ejaculatory re‐distribution of zinc between different

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat epididymal spermatozoa were capable of rapid binding to various positively charged beads, but not to beads with negative or no charge. The binding appeared to involve the end‐piece and perhaps a portion of the tail. The binding was quite resistant to acid, heat, Triton X‐100, sodium dodecyl sulphate and trypsin. The bound spermatozoa could be slowly released from the beads in a concentrated solution of salts, the best among those tested was 1 M‐ammonium acetate. The bead‐binding property of the spermatozoa was employed to develop a new, simple and inexpensive method to isolate heads and tails without the use of an ultracentrifuge. The yield of the heads from spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis was 65 to 80% with 2 to 10% of tails contaminating while the yield of the tail was 30 to 40% with no cross contam

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of hydrocortisone and cortisone on spermatozoal motilityin vitrowere tested. Hydrocortisone at concentrations of 50, 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml was effective in activatingin vitrothe forward migration and the motility of boar spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis. Where boar epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with hydrocortisone at concentrations of 50, 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml for between 0 and 24 h at 25°Cin vitro, the spermatozoal motility was significantly higher than where no hydrocortisone was added. With ejaculated boar spermatozoa, hydrocortisone at concentrations of 100 and 1000 nmoles/ml increased the spermatozoal motility for between 0 and 2 h and at a concentration of 50 nmoles/ml increased spermatozoal motility for between 2 and 24 h at 25°Cin vitro.After 4 h incubation, the effect of hydrocortisone at a concentration of 100 nmoles/ml on boar ejaculated sperm motility was not significantly different from the control. But, hydrocortisone at a concentration of 1000 nmoles/ml inhibited the forward migration of boar ejaculated sperm after it had been incubated with the sperm for 6 h. Cortisone, although structurally similar to hydrocortisone, had no significant effect in improving the motility of boar spermatozoa.Both hydrocortisone and cortisone had no demonstrable effect on the forward migration and the motility of human spermatozoain vitro

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat hexokinases from caput sperm (immature) and caudal sperm (mature) were investigated. The hexokinases from both sources were studied by DEAE‐cellulose column chromatography and by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The specific activity of caput sperm hexokinase was not significantly different from that of the caudal sperm enzyme. Spermatozoa possess two isozymes of hexokinase. Type I hexokinase was the predominant type in caput sperm whereas the sperm type hexokinase was predominant in caudal sperm. Hexokinase types II and III were absent in both extract

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Testicular testosterone concentration, serum testosterone, LH and FSH, sperm count and testicular histology were evaluated in 17 patients with varicocele. Testicular testosterone was either normal or high (mean 906 ± 723 ng/g of tissue), and serum testosterone was within the normal range in most patients. Serum LH was elevated in half of the patients. The degree of testicular damage observed was extremely variable and correlated with sperm analysis. Testicular testosterone tended to be higher in patients with severe microscopic lesions of the testis.It is concluded that even though Leydig cell function is partially altered, this deficiency is compensated by LH stimulation and therefore, failure of spermatogenesis is not secondary to low testosterone levels.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The extragonadal source of the high levels of 5α‐reduced androgens in the peripheral blood of the male rabbit has been investigated. Adult 3‐day castrated rabbits each received a single intravenous injection of3H‐labelled testosterone, and blood plasma was collected at various intervals thereafter. Two h post injection, animals were killed, various accessory sex organs and peripheral tissues removed, and radioactively labelled testosterone and its metabolites quantified by radio‐gas‐liquid chromatography (radio‐g.l.c.). Five min after the injection of3H‐labelled testosterone, the major labelled metabolite in blood plasma was 5α‐dihydrotestosterone with small amounts of 3α/3/β‐androstanediols and androstenedione. After 2 h significant quantities of3H‐labelled 5α‐dihydrotestosterone had accumulated in the accessory sex organs, whereas only small amounts were found in ‘non‐sexual’ peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle. However, substantial amounts of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone were formed by several peripheral tissues of 3‐day castrated rabbits, when they were incubatedin vitrowith3H‐labelled testosterone: the most active were skeletal muscle, liver and abdominal skin. Some formation of 3α/3/β‐androstanediols occurred in all tissues. It is concluded that in the male rabbit skeletal muscle and skin are likely to be a significant extragonadal source of 5α‐reduced androgens for the maintenance of accessory sex organs such as the prostate and epididymis, which have low 5α‐reductase activity but

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Testes of testicular feminized (tfm) rats and mice, as well as of normal male rats contain an LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase. Basal, as well as hCG stimulated activities were higher in tfm rats and mice than in normal rats. The presence of an LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase in the testis of tfm rats and mice shows that the greatly elevated LH levels present in males having this syndrome, giving 80–90% reduction in LH//hCG receptors, do not cause an uncoupling of the remaining receptors from the adenylyl cyclase. It also shows that androgens are not essential for coupling of the LH/hCG receptors to the adenylyl cyclase.Injection of 200 IU of hCG into adult normal rats and tfm rats caused, after 48 h, a complete loss of LH/hCG stimulated adenylyl cyclase, whereas the FSH responsive adenylyl cyclase in both animal preparations was maintained. Desensitization of the LH responsive adenylyl cyclase by hCG in normal rats, confirms previous studies showing lack of hCG stimulated cyclic‐AMP secretion after a comparable dose of hCGin vivo.Similarly, hCG (50 IU) caused a transient loss of LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase in tfm mice, with a complete disappearance of response after 24 h. At 48 and 72 h after injection of hCG the response gradually returned to normal. The fact that hCG caused a complete desensitization of the LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase in both tfm rats and mice, proves that androgen receptor mediated events are not involved in hCG desensitization of the adenylyl cyclase in Leydig ce

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three different, calmodulin‐dependent, isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) can be isolated by DEAE cellulose chromatography from the immature rat testis and shown to have different substrate specificities and kinetic behaviour. Calmodulin is regulating the activity of these enzymes by altering the maximal velocity (Vmax) rather than the Kmof the reaction. Two of the 3 enzymes appear to be testis‐specific, while the remaining possesses properties similar to that described for the calmodulin‐dependent PDE found in other t

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of implantation of an intra‐epididymal (IECD) and intrascrotal (ISCD) copper device on rat testicular and epididymal spermatozoa and the copper contents in its various reproductive tissues were studied and compared with another group of animals bearing the copper device and fed supplemental ascorbic acid. The motility of cauda epididymal spermatozoain vitroin the presence of different concentrations of copper ions was also investigated. The results revealed that thein vitrodecrease in motility was more rapid with increasing concentrations of copper sulphate solutions and the addition of ascorbic acid inhibited the motility of the spermatozoa much more rapidly than the copper sulphate solution alone, probably due to the strong acidic properties of ascorbic acid which caused a rapid fall in pH.In the copper device bearing rats, the count, motility, fertilizing capacity, and metabolism of epididymal spermatozoa were reduced which has been correlated with alterations in their morphology. An accumulation of copper occurred in several reproductive tissues, but recovery to almost normal levels was obtained by feeding ascorbic acid to copper implanted rats. The data supports the view that ascorbic acid has a beneficial effect in copper toxicity. Although the intraepididymal copper implantation was found to be a more effective male contraceptive device than the intra‐scrotal, further work is necessary in terms of reversibility of the effects and easy removal of the dev

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY