ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Due to a combination of aggressive chemotherapy and radical surgery today most cases of advanced non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testicle can be cured. The most active chemotherapeutic regimen is a combination of cis‐platinum, velban, and bleomycin; the epipodophyllotoxin VP‐16–213 still being a second hand alternative. Surgery is applied for definite cure in low‐stage disease and for debulking of remaining tumour after initial chemotherapy in advanced stages. Survival figures today are given as 100% in stage I, 90% in stage II, and 60% in stage III. Low‐stage seminoma is still routinely treated with radiotherapy, however, chemotherapy seems to markedly improve survival also in advanced stages of this disease. The use of highly toxic chemotherapy and advanced surgery necessitates a concentration of these cases to few centres with experienced staff. The article also briefly discusses classification, symptoms, diagnostic aids, and follow‐

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 24 apparently healthy men who requested sterilization by vasectomy, we have measured the intratesticular and peripheral plasma levels of 9 unconjugated and 5 sulphoconjugated steroids. These steroid levels were then compared with those found in a group of 18 men, admitted to the hospital with complaints of infertility. With the exception of higher dihydrotestosterone levels in the infertile group, no differences were found between the two groups with regard to the peripheral plasma levels of the unconjugated or sulphoconjugated steroids studied. On the other hand, the intratesticular levels of cortisol, pregnenolone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, pregnenolone sulphate and testosterone sulphate (but not those of testosterone) were significantly diminished in the infertile group. With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone levels in the fertile group, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and dihydrotestosterone sulphate in the infertile group, the intratesticular steroid levels were uncorrelated with the plasma levels. The data are interpreted as suggesting that a) male infertility may be associated with intratesticular alterations of steroid metabolism which are not reflected by the peripheral steroid levels; b) the plasma and intratesticular levels of testosterone are not sensitive enough indices for the endocrine evaluation of male infertility; c) the role of the sulphoconjugated forms of steroids in the maintenance of male fertility deserves further investigation.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical fertility of 1077 men investigated with semen analysis including detection of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa during the years 1950‐52 was studied 20 years later using a questionnaire replied to by 785 (72.9%), There was a significant correlation (P<0.01) between increasing number of abnormal spermatozoa and decreasing chance of getting living children, but no relation to abortions and pathological pregnancies. Moreover, there was a significant correlationP<0.01) to time‐interval to first pregnancy. Median values for those obtaining living children was 25% abnormal spermatozoa compared with 28% for those not doing so. Up to 60% abnormal spermatozoa, fertility was not reduced, and the borderline between normal and reduced male fertility is therefore defined to be 60% morphologically abnormal spermato

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To test whether the outgrowth and regression of the gubernaculum testis and consequently testicular descent are testis dependent, unilateral and bilateral orchidectomies were performed on foetal dogs at 49 days post coitum (p.c.). and on newborns at day 0 and day 3 after birth. Prior to these experiments the vascularisation of the testis, epididymis and gubernaculum had been studied to develop a method of orchidectomy, in which the vascularisation of the gubernaculum and epididymis was minimally damaged. After bilateral orchidectomy at 49 days p.c., outgrowth of the gubernaculum stopped completely, and the epididymis remained in its original abdominal position. After bilateral orchidectomy at birth, the descent of the remaining epididymis from an intra‐abdominal to an extra‐abdominal position was retarded, due to retarded regression of the gubernaculum. Bilateral orchidectomy 3 days after birth resulted in a slightly retarded gubernacular regression. After unilateral orchidectomies the effects were similar but less pronounced. It was concluded that the testis induces and maintains the outgrowth and initiates regression of the gubernaculum, thereby regulating the process of testicular descent. However, once the regression had started, it appeared to proceed more or less autonomou

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human and bovine spermatozoa have been collected and washed repeatedly with isotonic saline to remove seminal plasma inhibitors and activate the acrosin. Then the acrosin activity of the cells was assayed with α‐N‐Benzoyl‐DL‐Arg‐β‐naphthylamide (BANA). It was found that the surface‐bound enzyme was not inhibited by high molecular weight inhibitors of trypsin but was markedly inhibited by low molecular weight trypsin inhibitors. Divalent metals (Zn++, Cu++, Hg++, Co++, Cd++) were all efficient inhibitors of acrosin on the washed cells. It was shown that the removal of zinc or copper from acrosin completely restored activity. It is proposed that the different levels of zinc in the male and female genital tract regulate acrosin activity. Aged cells released a soluble acrosin which was inhibited by serum and seminal plasma inhibitors of trypsin‐like enzymes as well as by zinc ions in an identical manner to the sur

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In comparison to testosterone, 18β‐hydroxy‐18α‐methyl‐16α, 17α‐methylene‐D‐homo‐5α‐androstane‐3‐one (D‐homo‐S) shows more pronounced anti‐gonadotrophic than androgenic properties in rats. The present study was initiated in rabbits to investigate the potential of D‐homo‐S to suppress spermatogenesis. D‐homo‐S in sesame oil was administered at the doses of 0.1 (DI), 3 (D II) or 10 mg (D III) per rabbit each day for 8 weeks. During treatment serum testosterone, sperm concentration and quality of sperm motility decreased, whereas sex drive, semen volume and seminal plasma concentrations of fructose and zinc were not changed in any of the groups. Testicular weight and intratesticular testosterone concentration decreased significantly in groups D II and DIII, while weights of accessory sex glands increased in those groups. Testosterone in the same dose regimen did not suppress sperm count, motility or serum testosterone, however, seminal plasma zinc concentration in group TIII and fructose in group TI increased. Testicular weight and intratesticular testosterone concentration decreased in group TIII only. On the other hand, the weight of the accessory sex glands increased in the same group.In conclusion, D‐homo‐S suppresses spermatogenesis and increases accessory sex gland weights at doses, when testosterone is still ineffective. Thus, in rabbits D‐homo‐S appears to be a more potent androgen than testosterone but a dissociation between antigonadotrophic

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐motile spermatozoa freshly extruded from the rat caudal epididymis can be initiated to full motility immediately after diluting with 0.9% NaCl. The motility initiation was dependent on the pH, viscosity and osmolality of the diluent. Diluent with pH 4 to 8 could optimally initiate the motility. Osmolality of most diluents suitable for the initiation was between 130 to 600 mOsm/kg. The motility initiation was inhibited by Hg2+>Cu2+>Cd2+, chlorpromazine, Triton X‐100 and SDS. The following compounds showed essentially no inhibitory effect: EGTA, chlortetracycline, calcein, ruthenium red, phloridzin, myo‐inositol and carnitine. The findings suggested that spermatozoa were kept in quiescence in the cauda epididymis not by the pH, osmolality, viscosity, myo‐inositol, carnitine, Ca2+or K+of the caudal epididymal fluid. It was also suggested that motility initiation did not involve Ca2+. calmodulin and transport of Ca2+or glucose across sperm m

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In immature male rats, receiving daily injections of bromocriptine (3 mg/kg bw), serum prolactin (Prl) remains low throughout development. In such hypoprolactinaemic males androgen variables are affected: a) the normally low pre‐pubertal serum androgen (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone‐T, DHT) is considerably increased, in correlation with a precocious development of the testicular Leydig cell population; b) the peri‐pubertal rise of androgen is not prevented, but it is followed by significantly lower post‐pubertal T, DHT levels, in correlation with moderately reduced Leydig cell counts and with strongly attenuated growth rates of sex accessory organs. Observed alterations of the post‐natal androgen pattern cannot be related to LH changes since developmental LH values remained essentially unaltered. Results are in concordance with a marked age‐dependent sensibility of androgen variables to a lack of Prl in the deve

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Rentchnik, P.&Senn H.J.: Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 78.Jecht E.&Zeitler E.: Varicocele and male infertility: Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY