ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual (1992) states that assessment of sperm motility can be performed at either 37OC or room temperature (20–24OC). The motility of spermatozoa in 44 semen samples (22 fresh samples and 22 frozen‐thawed samples) was assessed at both of these temperatures and a significant difference in the motility profiles was noted, specifically an increase at 37OC in the percentage (expressed here as median and ranges) of spermatozoa with excellent progressive motility and an overall increase in the percentage with total progressive motility. With fresh samples the excellent progressive motility increased from 41 (19–53) to 54 (30–66) and the overall motility from 58.5 (39–74) to 65.0 (40–79). With the frozen—thawed samples the excellent motility increased from 14 (1–33) to 25 (6–45) and the overall motility from 30.5 (14–51) to 33.0 (16–52). As the WHO laboratory manual was published. ‘In response to a growing need for the standardisation of procedures for the examination of human spermatozoa’ it is proposed that only one temperature for routine analysis should be used, namely 37OC, which may have more physiological relevance and eliminate effects of fluctuations in ambie

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of alcohol on spermatogenesis and morphometric analysis of the human testis was investigated in a prospective autopsy study, with detailed alcohol‐use reports from relatives or friends of the deceased. The autopsy series comprised non‐alcoholic controls (daily intake80 g per day. Of the controls, 26 (81.3%) men showed normal spermatogenesis, and six (18.7%) partial spermatogenic arrest. Of the heavy drinkers, only 16 (36.4%) had normal spermatogenesis (p<0.00l), while 23 (52.3%) showed partial or complete spermatogenic arrest (p<0.00l) and five had Sertoli cell‐only (SCO) syndrome (pC0.05). The mean testicular weight of heavy‐drinkers was slightly (p<0.05) lower than in the controls. Compared to men with normal spermatogenesis, testicular weight was slightly lower both in controls and heavy‐drinkers with spermatogenic arrest, and was significantly (p<0.01) lower in heavy‐drinking men with SCO syndrome. Spermatogenic arrest was not correlated with fatty liver or cirrhosis of the liver, whereas four of the five men with SCO syndrome exhibited a fatty liver. Thus, our results suggest that the most common alcohol‐related pathological change in the testes is probably reversible arrest of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we suggest that many heavy social drinkers may suffer from self‐inacted infertility, as one tenth of heavy‐drinkers in our stu

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA complex process of maturation called capacitation is an essential step for spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes. Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can enhance the capacitation of human spermatozoa and sperm‐zona interaction. We have investigated whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could trigger capacitation of human spermatozoa and the acrosome reaction. The addition of catalase, a specific H202scavenger, at the beginning of the capacitation process decreased the levels of both hyperactivation and induced‐acrosome reaction whereas catalase added 15 min before the induction of the acrosome reaction by the calcium ionophore had no effect. Supplementation of the medium with H2O2resulted in increased levels of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction, whereas H2O2added 15 min before induction of the acrosome reaction did not have any stimulatory effect. These results suggest that H2O2may be involved in the capacitation process of human spermatozoa but not in the acrosome react

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe demonstrated previously that pentoxifylline in millimolar concentrations can inhibit superoxide anion production by human spermatozoa. In the present study we have examined the effects of the same concentrations of pentoxifjrlline on experimentally induced lipid peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde formation in the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. Under the experimental conditions used, preincubation of spermatozoa with pentoxifjdline led to a significant dose‐dependent stimulation (p<0.005) of malondialdehyde production amounting to 10.77 ± 2.35%, 13.45 ±2.99% and 17.4 ± 1.99% (mean ± SEM) for 1.9, 3.7 and 11.2 mmol/l pentoxifylline, respectively. In the presence of 11.2 mmol/l pentoxifylline, an increase in iron‐catalysed lipid peroxidation potential was detected in samples of spermatozoa from 29 infertile men, regardless of their initial levels of malondialdehyde. The results of this study indicate that pentoxifylline might further augment the ferrous ion‐stimulated decomposition of pre‐accumulation lipid hydroperoxides in the sperm plasma membrane and thus promote malondialdehyde generation in the TBA assay.It is concluded that the stimulatory effect of pentoxifjdline on iron‐induced lipid peroxidation may have an adverse effect on the quality of sperm suspensions prepared for in vitro fertilization, a possibility which should be investi

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe physiology of the epididymis is an integral part of the maturation process by which human spermatozoa acquire the abdity to reach and fertilize an oocyte. Because of the high degree of species specificity exhibited by the epididymal proteins involved in sperm maturation, we have assessed tissue from several alternative species for their suitability as a model for human epididymal physiology. Of these, the dog appears to offer an appropriate system. Northern hybridization using cDNA probes specific for human epidldymal genes established that, irrespective of dog breed, the canine equivalents of the epididymis‐specific HE1, HE4 and HE5 mRNAs were expressed highly in the canine epididymis. cDNA cloning and sequencing confirmed that the canine gene products, CE1, CE4 and CE5 were indeed true structural homologues of their human counterparts. Finally, tissue culture conditions were established wherein all three specific canine genes remained up‐regulated after 5 days of culture. Thus, the prerequisite criteria for the development of a system which models human epididymal physiology are to a large degree fulfilled by this canine culture sys

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn‐situ transcript hybridization was used to characterize the regional distribution of three marker gene transcripts which are expressed abundantly in the canine epididymis. The gene products CE1, CE4 and CE5, which are the canine equivalents of the human homologues HE1, HE4 and HE5, are shown to be expressed in a tissue‐specific and regionally characteristic pattern in the epicfidymal epithelium. CE1 mRNA was expressed very weakly in the efferent ducts but was expressed at a high level throughout the caput and corpus regions of the epididymis, decreasing somewhat in the distal cauda region. CE4 mRNA was not detectable in the efferent ducts and was only expressed moderately in the remainder of the epididymis, with greatest levels in the caput and proximal cauda regions, and decreasing in the distal cauda. CE5 mRNA showed the most marked regional variation in levels with little or no mRNA detectable in the caput and proximal corpus regions, but increasing dramatically in the distal corpus and cauda. In the transition region of the central corpus, the CE5 mRNA appeared to be expressed intermittently, giving a mottled signal appearance over the epididymal epithelium. The patterns of mRNA distribution for the three marker genes in the dog epididymis were, therefore, essentially similar to those for the equivalent human homologues, providing further support for the suitability of the dog epididymis as a model for the hu

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY