摘要:

SummaryAll the major international articles on the somatic and psychological consequences of vasectomy published over the last 10 years have been reviewed and analysed. Although some experiments on animals have revealed harmful effects, none of the large‐scale epidemiological studies has pointed to any increase in health risks (cardiovascular, hypertensive, psychiatric) in vasectomized men. The contradictions which arise between the clinical and large‐scale epidemiological studies may be the result of methodological or experimental conditions. As our knowledge stands at present it can therefore be considered that vasectomy has no major effects on the physical or mental health of

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have shown previously that the reactive oxygen species generated by washed human ejaculates originate from cells which can be isolated in the low density region of discontinuous Percoll gradients. In this study we have used a simplified two‐step (40/80%) Percoll gradient to separate human ejaculates (n=109) into two populations of spermatozoa, exhibiting either a high or a low capacity for reactive oxygen species generation. We have then examined the relationships between this activity and other properties of the isolated fractions, with particular emphasis on the presence of leucocytes, which we have quantified using a monoclonal antibody directed against the common leucocyte antigen. The low‐density cells recovered from the 40%/80% interface of the Percoll gradients, differed from the high‐density fraction in exhibiting significantly reduced sperm motility, poorer sperm morphology, and a considerably enhanced capacity for reactive oxygen species production (P<0.001). In six cases the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species generation were associated with leucocyte concentrations in excess of 1 times 106per 107sperm, suggesting that leucocytes enter the seminal compartment in an activated, oxygen‐radical generating, state. However, in the majority of cases exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species production, leucocyte numbers were low or absent and the semen profiles were unremarkable, except that seminal sperm concentrations tended to be low. These results suggest that the oxidative stress responsible for defective sperm function involves reactive oxygen species originating from two sources; the sperm and infiltrating leu

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA retrospective study of 49 men with proven fertility and 396 suspected infertile men was conducted with the primary objective of investigating the relationship between the nuclear maturity of sperm and male fertility. Acidic aniline blue staining was used to detect chromatin defects of sperm nuclei related to their nucleoprotein content as associated with DNA. The discriminant value of the percentage of unstained nuclei (= percentage of mature heads, MH) and of other semen characteristics, was analysed by a stepwise (forward) linear regression model. Semen characteristics that discriminated significantly between the two groups of subjects were, in descending order: (1) the percentage of normal sperm, (2) the percentage of amorphous heads, (3) the percentage of tapered heads, (4) semen volume, and (5) the percentage of MH. The discriminant value of each of the significant characteristics was studied by means of ROC‐curves. MH had the best ROC‐curve profile; its cut‐off value was found to be equal to 70% (74.5 ± 2.6% for the donor group versus 53.0 ± 1.1% for the patient group). A simple infertility score (SIS) including MH, was built according to the cut‐off values inferred from the ROC‐curves. SIS allowed an overall satisfactory separation of the two groups (≤4 = fertile, 5–6 = uncertainty zone,>6 = infertile). Our results indicate that the addition of the evaluation of sperm head maturity to routine semen analysis improves the assessment of f

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTesticular biopsies from normal men and from men with testicular disorders were examined by immunohistochemistry for the presence of the inhibin‐α subunit using two different antisera. Immunoreactive inhibin‐α (irI‐α) was found in Leydig cells in normal, oligospermic, and azoospermic men and in men with Klinefelters syndrome, and it was also found in a Leydig cell tumour. hCG‐treatment apparently increased the amount of immunoreactive inhibin‐α, particularly in Leydig cells. Sertoli cells also contained irl‐α but the staining intensity was considerably stronger in testes with impaired spermatogenesis or Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome than in normal testes. It is suggested that the serum concentration of irl‐α and inhibin in humans may, in a complex way, be related to both Leydig and Sertoli cell function, and that the relative contribution from these cells may change in cases of

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA quantitative and ultrastructural study was performed on biopsies of human cryptorchid testes to investigate lesions in the lamina propria and Sertoli cells. Prepubertal cryptorchid testes (1–9 years of age) were classified into four groups: Type I, testes with minimal lesions; Type II, testes with a moderate decrease in tubule diameter and spermatogonal number; Type III, testes with Sertoli cell hypoplasia and a marked reduction in tubule diameter and spermatogonal number; and Type IV, testes with Sertoli cell hyperplasia and a variable reduction in spermatogonal number. An increase in thickness of the lamina propria was found in Type II and III testes from 5 years of age onwards. These testes also showed a decrease in both the average number of peritubular cells per cross‐sectioned tubule and in the average nuclear volume of these cells. Most of the postpubertal cryptorchid testes from 13‐to 18‐year‐old youths presented a prepubertal pattern suggestive of delayed testicular maturation. Postpubertal testes from 19‐to 27‐year‐old men were classified into three types: Type A testes showed complete spermato‐genesis, mature Sertoli cells and no lesions in the lamina propria; Type B testes showed isolated spermatogonia, mature Sertoli cells, and a marked thickening of the lamina propria; and Type C testes showed isolated spermatogonia, hyperplasia of immature Sertoli cells, and a slightly thickened lamina propria. Maturation of the lamina propria was always associated with maturation of the Sertoli cells. Thickening of the lamina propria was associated with peritubular cell alterations consisting of decreases in the nuclear volume (average and total per testis) of peritubular cells and increases in the number of these cells per cross‐sectioned tubule. The three types of adult cryptorchid testes appear to be the postpubertal transformation of Type I testes (Type A), Type II and Type III testes (Type B), and Type

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe distribution pattern of testicular sulphydryloxidase (SOx) immuno‐activity was investigated in the djungarian hamster during photoperiodically induced testicular involution and recrudescence. SOx immuno‐activity, indicating functional integrity of labelled cells, did not change in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids as long as these cells were present in the seminiferous epithelium. Its disappearance coincided with the degeneration of spermatocytes in phases IV and V of involution and reappeared during recrudescence, when the first spermatogenic wave had reached the pachytene stage. In tubules at phase VI of involution (showing maximal regression), the apical cytoplasm of Sertoli cells showed immuno‐activity. This immuno‐activity disappeared during recrudescence prior to the differentiation of pachytene spermatocytes. Changes in SOx immuno‐activity resembled those of lactate dehydrogenase‐X (LDH‐X) in photo‐inhibited testes or during puberty, indicating a close functional relationship which still remains to be elucidated. The data suggest that the hamster exposed to different photoperiods can be used as a suitable model to study the relationship between testicular morphology and function in different states of g

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of oestrogens and androgens, alone or in combination, on several epididymal parameters have been studied in 15–day‐old rats after neonatal treatment. Oestrogens induced several responses, such as increased growth of the fibromuscular stroma and eosinophil leucocyte accumulation, whereas the prolif‐erative activity of the epithelium was decreased significantly. Otherwise, the density of intra‐epithelial leucocytes was not modified. Different oestrogen‐induced responses, such as the increase in volume of the fibromuscular stroma and eosinophil leucocyte accumulation were inhibited by treatment with testosterone, whereas dihydrotestosterone had no appreciable effect. This study raises the possibility that eosinophils are mediators of some of the oestrogenic responses in the early postnatal rat e

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY