ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo validate an in‐vitro bioassay for assessing chromatin stability of human sperm, 38 semen samples from infertile men were studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent which disorganizes only the cytoplasmic membrane. Assay sensitivity was 50 sperm, whilst the within‐ and between‐assay variation, and the between‐observer variation were found to be within the accepted range for this type of bioassay. The influence of different in‐vitro treatments currently used in some clinical assisted fertilization programmes was evaluated: a destabilizing effect occurred in Grade I (stable) and Grade III (swollen) sperm. In the former, all treatments reduced stable sperm; in the latter, a significant (P<0.001) increase in swollen sperm was shown with two methods that used Ham's F‐10 as culture medium. Different chromatin patterns found in the treated sperm suggest the possibility that the recovered samples could be modified compared to their status at the time o

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA multicentre, randomized double‐blind study was performed to assess the effect on male fertility of treatment with low dose clomiphene citrate. One hundred and ninety couples were included in whom the male diagnosis was idiopathic impairment of semen quality, and the female partner had no demonstrable abnormality or was under successful treatment for a minor endocrine problem. A total of 1308 couple‐months were studied. Men received either 25 mg clomiphene citrate daily or placebo for 6 months. The cumulative life‐table pregnancy rates at 8 months were 11.7% and 8.1% in the placebo and clomiphene groups respectively. There were no significant differences between the changes in semen quality during intake of either clomiphene or placebo.This study provides no evidence for the efficacy of clomiphene citrate for the treatment of idiopathic male infert

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing SDS‐PAGE three major high molecular‐weight coagulum proteins (57, 75 and 79 kD) were identified in unliquefied human ejaculates. Washed coagulum was prepared at pH 4.5 and demonstrated negligible proteolysis as determined by a highly sensitive fluorescamine‐based method. Laser densitometric scanning of these high molecular‐weight proteins in unliquefied ejaculates in relation to their coagulational failure revealed that the total content of 57, 75 and 79 kD proteins in whole semen represented ˜ 44% of levels in the normally coagulated, ˜ 24% in poorly coagulated (P<0.005) and ˜ 3% in the non‐coagulated (alkaline liquid, P<0.001) samples. The findings imply that these predominant high molecular‐weight proteins play a major role in human seminal coag

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of long‐term (14–120 months) hCG‐treatment of 17 male patients affected by isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) on testicular volume, plasma testosterone levels, and sperm concentration were assessed. Mean testicular volume increased from 3.8 ± 0.2 (Mean ± SEM) ml to a maximal of 14.9 ± 1.1 ml after 22.2 ± 2.3 months of hCG treatment. Maximal testicular volume correlated positively with the volume recorded before the patients had undergone any previous treatment. Testicular growth was also analysed by sorting the patients into two sub‐groups according to whether their initial testicular volume was<4 ml (small testis subset, STS) or ≥4 ml (large testis subset, LTS), supposedly indicating complete or partial gonadotrophin deficiency, respectively. Testicular volumes in the LTS group were always greater than those of the STS. Plasma testosterone levels reached adulthood values during hCG treatment and no statistically significant difference was detected between LTS and STS patients with IHH. Thirteen patients (70%) became sperm‐positive during treatment with hCG alone; five out of eight (60%) were STS patients and eight out of nine (90%) were LTS. In addition, LTS patients always had a greater sperm output than did STS patients. Sperm concentration correlated positively with maximal testicular volume, but not with patient age, length of treatment, or initial testicular volume. The administration of hMG to eight of these patients caused an increase in testicular volume in two patients but the mean volume was not statistically different from that recorded at the end of treatment with hCG alone. Similarly, sperm concentration improved in three patients but again it did not differ significantly from that achieved in the course of hCG treatment. It is noteworthy that one patient became sperm‐positive after the addition of hMG to his therapeutic regimen. Among sperm‐positive patients attempting conception, seven out of 10 succeeded, two of whom were from the STS group.In summary, this study indicates that hCG alone is an effective treatment to induce complete spermiogenesis in IHH patients regardless of their initial testicular volume. However, a number of IHH patients may benefit from the addition of hMG in terms of testicular volume, sperm output, an

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDuring mammalian spermiogenesis, replacement of the somatic histones by basic proteins, the protamines, allows normal sperm nuclear condensation. In this study we have evaluated the degree of chromatin compaction in spermatozoa from 191 infertile subjects, affected by different testicular disorders, compare with that in 50 fertile sperm donors (controls). In infertile men, there was a higher percentage of unstable spermatozoa after incubation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and of stained spermatozoa after staining with aniline blue (P<0.001 vs. controls). Furthermore, a positive linear correlation was found between SDS‐unstable spermatozoa and stained spermatozoa (P<0.001), suggesting that sperm instability was related to a defect in histone‐replacement by sperm‐specific nucleoproteins, protamines. When the patients were considered according to pathology, high sperm nuclear instability and a high percentage of stained spermatozoa were detected in groups affected by varicocele, idiopathic infertility and in patients with a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. In the latter group the same alterations were observed even when the cryptorchid testis had been removed during surgery. In the group with a past history of mumps orchitis these parameters did not show any difference when compared with con

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEfficacy of surgical varicocelectomy versus embolization of the spermatic vein was studied in 137 men diagnosed as suffering from left varicocele. The men were divided randomly into three groups according to the methods of treatment: A ‐embolization of the internal spermatic vein (51 men); B ‐ Ivanissevich technique of high ligation of the spermatic veins (43 men); and C ‐ Bernardi technique of high ligation (43 men). The groups were similar in terms of age, duration of infertility and possessed semen characterized as oligoteratoasthenozoospermia. The fertility of the female partners was evaluated carefully and they were found to be potentially fertile. Varicocele was diagnosed by at least two of the following methods: physical palpation during valsalva manoeuvre, venography, or scrotal scanning using the technetium pertechnate radioactive method. Semen quality was assessed before treatment and at 3, 6 and 9 months post‐treatment. Fecundity was followed‐up for 18 months. The major results were:(i). Shrinkage of the varicocele was found in all three groups studied. The same rate of recurrence was recorded in the three groups (24%, 37% and 35% in groups A, B and C, respectively).(ii). Improvement of sperm quality was significant in groups A and B, with better results in group B.(iii). The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group B, compared with A (38.2% vs. 20.6%; P<0.05).Thus, high ligation of the internal spermatic vein yields better results than low ligation or embolization as far as semen quality and pregnan

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe functional interaction of the estrogen‐induced uterine enzyme glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) diesterase with epididymal rat sperm before and after incubation under capacitating conditions was investigated indirectly, by measuring the glycerol phosphate (GP) released on enzymatic hydrolysis of GPC and using oxygen consumption as a measure of oxidative phosphorylation by the sperm.Freshly released, washed sperm metabolized GP but not GPC. Utilization of GP was found to be inhibited by 2 μM oligomycin but was enhanced dose‐dependently in the presence of the uncoupling agent, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, indicating that the process was essentially similar to that occurring in somatic mitochondria in that it involved electron transport via ubiquinone and the cytochrome system and was coupled to ATP synthesis.However, on incubation of sperm under conditions supporting capacitation, which led to a striking increase in oxygen consumption, the presence of GP decreased oxygen uptake significantly, in a manner similar to that occurring in the presence of the glycolyzable substrate, glucose. The implications of these GPC diesterase‐induced metabolic alterations in sperm function are d

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study has assessed the effect of s.c. implants of 5a‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the blood levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins in intact and castrated adult male rats. The rats were bled via cardiac puncture at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after DHT implantation. On days 28 and 49 post‐implantation, rats were injected with LHRH (25 ng) and bled 15 min later. In intact rats bearing DHT implants, the serum levels of LH and testosterone were suppressed significantly with no significant changes in FSH levels. Ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and the pituitary were reduced significantly in weight when compared with controls with empty implants. DHT significantly inhibited LHRH‐induced release of FSH in intact rats. In castrated rats, DHT implants inhibited the secretion of both LH and FSH, with a rise in serum DHT levels. DHT stimulated the LHRH‐induced release of LH but inhibited FSH. DHT implants increased the weight of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate but inhibited the weight of the pituitary when compared to castrated rats bearing empty implants. This study demonstrates specific inhibition of serum LH and testosterone by DHT implants in intact adu

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTreatment of adult rats with 25 iu follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) did not influence testicular blood flow, serum testosterone, vasomotion or intravascular leucocyte concentration at 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment. Treatment of adult rats with 50 iu pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) resulted in a two‐fold increase in testicular blood flow at 24 h, and an increase in interstitial fluid volume at 36 h after treatment. This PMSG‐induced increase in blood flow did not occur in Leydig cell‐depleted animals, suggesting that the effect on blood flow is mediated via the Leydig cells. PMSG injection stimulated testosterone secretion but it did not influence vasomotion, and it only marginally increased the secretion of leuco‐tactic factors in the testis. The present study suggests that FSH has no apparent effects on testicular blood flow and that the effects of PMSG (a hormone with both FSH and LH‐like activity) is mediated via stimulation of the L

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY